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Science study guide

Total questions: 85

Worksheet time: 1hrs 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

rock that forms as a result of volcanic activity at or near the Earth’s surface.

a)

Igneous Rock

b)

Extrusive

c)

Sedimentary Rock

d)

Intrusive Rock

2.

the texture of a metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands.

a)

Foliated

b)

Nonfoliated

c)

Chemical

d)

Extrusive

3.

a type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.

a)

Clastic

b)

Igenous

c)

Metamorphic

d)

Sedimentary

4.

formed from existing rock that has changed structure, texture, or composition.

a)

Chemical Rock

b)

Metamorphic Rock

c)

Foloiated

d)

Nonfoliated

5.

the quality of a rock that is based on the sizes, shapes, and positions of the rock’s grains.

a)

Sediment

b)

Grain

c)

Texture

d)

Cement

6.

a series of processes in which a rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes.

a)

Rock Cycle

b)

Rock System

c)

Minerals

d)

Rock Process

7.

a particle of mineral or other rock that gives a rock its texture.

a)

Sediment

b)

Crystal

c)

Cement

d)

Grain

8.

a type of rock that forms when hot, liquid rock, or magma cools and solidifies.

a)

Extrusive

b)

Intrusive

c)

Foliated

d)

Igenous

9.

the processes in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers.

a)

Foliating

b)

Stratification

c)

Porphyritic

d)

Crystal System

10.

small, solid particles of material from rocks or organisms which are moved by wind or water, resulting in erosion and deposition.

a)

Grain

b)

Sediment

c)

Crystal

d)

Organic Matter

11.

the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another.

a)

Deposition

b)

Compaction

c)

Erosion

d)

Cementation

12.

a rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath the Earth’s surface.

a)

Extrusive

b)

Intrusive

c)

Foliated

d)

Clastic

13.

sedimentary rock that forms where remains of organisms are deposited in thick layers.

a)

Clastic

b)

Chemical

c)

Organic

d)

Fossil

14.

the process in which material is laid down.

a)

Cementation

b)

Erosion

c)

Compaction

d)

Deposition

15.

a type of sedimentary rock that is made of rock fragments that have been cemented together by a mineral such as calcite or quartz.

a)

Organic

b)

Chemical

c)

Clastic

d)

Compound

16.

an igneous rock texture in which large crystals are scattered on a background of much smaller crystals.

a)

Coarse-Grained

b)

Fine-Grained

c)

Glassy

d)

Porphyritic

17.

term used to describe metamorphic rocks whose grains are arranged in planes or bands.

a)

Nonfoliated

b)

Chemical

c)

Strata

d)

Foliated

18.

a sedimentary rock that forms from solutions of dissolved minerals and water.

a)

Clastic

b)

Organic

c)

Fossil

d)

Chemical

19.

the chemical make-up of a rock; describes either minerals or other materials in the rock.

a)

Cementation

b)

Compaction

c)

Composition

d)

Chemicalization

20.

a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic material.

a)

Mineral

b)

Rock

c)

Compound

d)

Element

21.

The process of breaking rock and sediment into smaller pieces is known as...

a)

Deposition

b)

Weathering

c)

Erosion

d)

Constructive force

22.

Plants and animals can cause weathering and erosion

a)

True

b)

False

23.

The two types of weathering are...

a)

Slow and rapid

b)

Mechanical and chemical

c)

Biological and physical

d)

Temporal and gravitational

24.

When water and gravity combine to cause mechanical weathering and erosion...

a)

A volcano may erupt

b)

A landslide or mudslide may result

c)

Tectonic plates may shift

d)

An island may form

25.

Sand dunes form as a result of...

a)

Recycling of crust at subduction zones

b)

Erosion and deposition by wind

c)

Freezing and thawing rock

d)

Erosion and deposition by water

26.

Sandy beaches are built up through the process of...

a)

Deposition

b)

Convection

c)

Weathering

d)

Destructive forces

27.

When water freezes in cracks in rocks, it expands causing the rock to break. This is known as...

a)

ice breaking

b)

ice wedging

c)

ice melting

d)

ice cutting

28.

The destructive force caused by the chemical reactions of water, oxygen, carbon, and other chemicals in the presence of moisture and heat is known as...

a)

Mechanical weathering

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Chemical weathering

d)

Chemical reaction

29.

The deposition of sediment at the mouth of a river is a constructive force known as a...

a)

Delta

b)

Shore

c)

Beach

d)

Pond

30.

Tectonic plates consist of

a)

continental crust

b)

mesospheric crust

c)

both continental and oceanic crust

d)

oceanic crust

31.

The idea that the continents were once part of a single landmass that broke apart and

moved is

a)

Continental Drift

b)

Tectonic Plates

c)

Transform

32.

The region where two lithospheric plates meet

a)

Continental Drift

b)

Plate tectonics

c)

Plate Boundaries

33.

Pangaea was an ancient supercontinent made up of...

a)

America, Greenland, and Europe

b)

Antarctica, India, and America

c)

all of Earth’s continents

d)

South Africa, India, Australia, and South America

34.

Why did no one believe Wegener's thoery that the continents were once together?

a)

He could not explain HOW the continents moved

b)

He didn't have evidence

c)

His data was wrong

d)

He didn't use the right technology to gather data

35.

The movement of the tectonic plates is caused by

a)

the rotation of the Earth

b)

convection currents in the Asthenosphere

c)

the gravity of the iron-nickel core

d)

the Moho discontinuity

36.

Which layer of the Earth consists of tectonic plates?

a)

asthenosphere

b)

mantle

c)

mesosphere

d)

lithosphere

37.

The fact that similar fossils are found on both sides of the ocean is evidence of

a)

magnetic reversal

b)

global positioning

c)

continental drift

d)

oceanic drift

38.

 Most mountains are formed by the movement of ________.

a)

Tectonic plates

b)

Moon

c)

Ocean

d)

Sun

39.

What is the highest point of a mountain called?

a)

Crag

b)

Pass

c)

Peak

d)

Slope

40.

What is the side of a mountain called?

a)

Crag

b)

Pass

c)

Peak

d)

Slope

41.

 What do we call molten hot liquid rock while it is still below the Earth's surface?

a)

magma

b)

cinder

c)

mauna

d)

lava

42.

Which of the following best describes an earthquake?

a)

A large storm with very high speed winds

b)

A violent shaking of Earth that occurs when two tectonic plates bump into each other

c)

An opening in the Earth's crust where magma erupts to the surface

d)

A large cloud that generates rain, hail, and lightning

43.
Who is the person credited with developing the theory of continental drift?
a)
Harry Hess
b)
Galileo
c)
Alfred Wegener
d)
Newton
44.
What heats material in the mantle causing the convection cycle?
a)
Solar Radiation
b)
The Earths Core
c)
Fire
d)
Hard Work
45.
This layer of Earth is the thickest part
a)
crust
b)
outer core
c)
mantle
d)
inner core
46.
Which of these layers is ALL solid iron and nickle?
a)
inner core
b)
outer core
c)
lithosphere
d)
mesosphere
47.
The physical layer of Earth made of solid rock and soil is called the ___________. 
a)
mesosphere
b)
lithosphere
c)
asthenosphere
d)
mantle
48.
Where does the heat come from that drives this convection current in the mantle? 
a)
The sun
b)
The crust
c)
the mantle
d)
the core
49.
What does the theory of continental drift state?
a)
The continents were once joined in a super-continent and have moved over time
b)
Continents are stationary and do not move
c)
The Earth is broken into lithospheric plates that move due to convection currents
d)
none of the above
50.
Tectonic plates moving causes what?
a)
Volcanos, mountain ranges, and deep ocean trenches
b)
Rivers, volcanoes, valleys, and fresh soil
c)
Volcanoes, mountain ranges, deep ocean trenches, and buildings
d)
Houses, rivers, buildings
51.

What is the first step in the fossilization process?

a)

The skeleton is buried by sediment over time

b)

A paleontologist finds the fossil

c)

The skeleton dissolves and a mold is formed

d)

An animal dies

52.

What is the second step in the fossilization process?

a)

Minerals enter the mold and fill the cavities, which forms a cast

b)

Soft parts of the animal rot away, leaving only the skeleton

c)

A paleontologist finds the fossil

d)

The skeleton is buried by sediment over time

53.

What is the third step in the fossilization process?

a)

The fossil is exposed by wind and rain

b)

The skeleton is buried by sediment over time

c)

Soft parts of the animal rot away, leaving only the skeleton

d)

Minerals enter the mold and fill the cavities, which forms a cast

54.

What is the fourth step in the fossilization process?

a)

The sediment surrounding the skeleton thickens and begins to turn to stone

b)

The skeleton dissolves and a mold is formed

c)

A paleontologist finds the fossil

d)

The skeleton is buried by sediment over time

55.

What is the fifth step in the fossilization process?

a)

Soft parts of the animal rot away, leaving only the skeleton

b)

The skeleton dissolves and a mold is formed

c)

The skeleton is buried by sediment over time

d)

The sediment surrounding the skeleton thickens and begins to turn to stone

56.

What is the sixth step in the fossilization process?

a)

The sediment surrounding the skeleton thickens and begins to turn to stone

b)

A paleontologist finds the fossil

c)

The fossil is exposed on the Earth's surface because of wind and rain

d)

Minerals enter the mold and fill the cavities, which forms a cast

57.

What is the seventh step in the fossilization process?

a)

The sediment surrounding the skeleton thickens and begins to turn to stone

b)

Minerals enter the mold and fill the cavities, which forms a cast

c)

The fossil is exposed on the Earth's surface because of wind and rain

d)

A paleontologist finds the fossil

58.

What is the first step in the fossilization process?

a)

The skeleton is buried by sediment over time

b)

A paleontologist finds the fossil

c)

The skeleton dissolves and a mold is formed

d)

An animal dies

59.

What is the second step in the fossilization process?

a)

Minerals enter the mold and fill the cavities, which forms a cast

b)

Soft parts of the animal rot away, leaving only the skeleton

c)

A paleontologist finds the fossil

d)

The skeleton is buried by sediment over time

60.

What is the third step in the fossilization process?

a)

The fossil is exposed by wind and rain

b)

The skeleton is buried by sediment over time

c)

Soft parts of the animal rot away, leaving only the skeleton

d)

Minerals enter the mold and fill the cavities, which forms a cast

61.

What is the fourth step in the fossilization process?

a)

The sediment surrounding the skeleton thickens and begins to turn to stone

b)

The skeleton dissolves and a mold is formed

c)

A paleontologist finds the fossil

d)

The skeleton is buried by sediment over time

62.

What is the fifth step in the fossilization process?

a)

Soft parts of the animal rot away, leaving only the skeleton

b)

The skeleton dissolves and a mold is formed

c)

The skeleton is buried by sediment over time

d)

The sediment surrounding the skeleton thickens and begins to turn to stone

63.

What is the sixth step in the fossilization process?

a)

The sediment surrounding the skeleton thickens and begins to turn to stone

b)

A paleontologist finds the fossil

c)

The fossil is exposed on the Earth's surface because of wind and rain

d)

Minerals enter the mold and fill the cavities, which forms a cast

64.

What is the seventh step in the fossilization process?

a)

The sediment surrounding the skeleton thickens and begins to turn to stone

b)

Minerals enter the mold and fill the cavities, which forms a cast

c)

The fossil is exposed on the Earth's surface because of wind and rain

d)

A paleontologist finds the fossil

65.

What is the eighth step in the fossilization process?

a)

An animal dies

b)

The sediment surrounding the skeleton thickens and begins to turn to stone

c)

The fossil is exposed on the Earth's surface because of wind and rain

d)

A paleontologist finds the fossil

66.

Who was a famous English fossil hunter?

(a)  

67.

Who studies fossils?

4 lines
68.

What are the four types of fossils?

a)

Stone, Rock, Mineral, and Glass

b)

Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, and Sulfur

c)

Amber, Jade, Porcelain, and Quartz

d)

Mold, Cast, Trace, and True Form

69.

What is fossilization?

a)

the process by which animals and plants decompose

b)

the process by which dinosaurs became extinct

c)

the process by which the remains of ancient living things are turned into rock

d)

the process by which people discover fossils

70.
Which rock layer in the diagram seems to be the oldest?
a)
F
b)
E
c)
B
d)
A
71.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
72.
According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found 
a)
At the top of the rock layers
b)
Near the bottom of the rock layers
c)
In the middle of the rock layers
d)
Somewhat near the surface
73.

What is the most recent period of geologic time?

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Quaternary

c)

Recent

74.

What is the largest/major unit of geologic time?

a)

Epoch

b)

Period

c)

Era

75.

The Earth is _____________________ years old.

a)

4.6 million

b)

4.6 billion

c)

4.6 trillion

d)

4.6 zillion

76.

Which era best represents when humans first appeared on Earth?

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Archean

d)

Hadean

77.

The end of the Mesozoic Era was most likely caused by?

a)

A meteor

b)

Too much oxygen

c)

Lowering sea levels

d)

An ice age

78.

The end of an era, and the end of life for groups of organisms, is called?

a)

Death

b)

Mass extinction

c)

Transition

d)

Turning point

79.

Which era was the longest, taking up 88% of geologic time?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

80.

Dinosaurs, small mammals, and birds are found in this time period.

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

81.

Jellyfish are one of the oldest species on Earth. In what time period did they first appear?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

82.
The geologic time scale is a record of....
a)
the history of fossils only
b)
the history of rocks
c)
the history of rock layers and fossils
d)
geologist notes
83.
Which period are we currently in?
a)
Quaternary
b)
Holocene
c)
Jurassic
d)
Tertiary
84.
Which is the most recent era of time- the one that we are currently in?
a)
Mesozoic 
b)
Paleozoic 
c)
Cenozoic 
d)
Precambrian 
85.

What is the Earth's surface called?

a)

inner core

b)

outer core

c)

crust

d)

mantle

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