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Review Q4 Earth Science

Total questions: 74

Worksheet time: 6hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Weathering is the__________________.

a)

breaking down of rocks

b)

movement of rocks

c)

deposition of rocks

2.

Erosion ________________________.

a)

breaks down rock

b)

moves rocks

c)

deposits rock

d)

is caused by ice wedging

3.

Which of the following will speed up the process of dissolving?

a)

colder temperatures

b)

warmer temperatures

4.

True or False: The terms weathering and erosion mean the same thing and can be used interchangeably.

a)
b)
5.

The deposit of sediment to a new location is known as...

a)

Weathering

b)

Deposition

c)

Erosion

6.

Which of the following are agents of erosion? (Select all that apply.)

a)

Wind

b)

Water

c)

Ice

d)

Gravity

7.

When a rock breaks into several small pieces, which of the following increases?

a)

The weight

b)

The surface area

c)

The volume

d)

The mass

8.

What climate would produce the least amount of weathering on earth

a)

Warm and wet

b)

Cold and wet

c)

Warm and dry

d)

cold and dry

9.

Headstones have been replaced over the years from Limestone to Granite. Why has this been done.

a)

Granite is easier to carve

b)

Limestone cracked easier

c)

Granite is more resistant to weathering

d)

Limestone is not easily found

10.

Bits of broken rock that are carried away by wind, streams, or glaciers is:

a)

weathering

b)

deposition

c)

pebbles

d)

sediment

11.
Which is an example of Erosion?
a)
Sand being pulled away from a beach by waves.
b)
Roots of a tree breaking apart a rock
c)
water in a river smoothing down rocks.
12.

Look at the picture. Choose the correct answers to finish the sentences. Erosion is shown by which letter?

a)

X

b)

Y

c)

Z

13.

Look at the picture. Choose the correct answers to finish the sentences. Deposition is shown by which letter?

a)

X

b)

Y

c)

Z

14.

Sam and Oliver are setting up an experiment to find out how weathering and erosion are affected by rainfall. Look at the picture of their lab setup. Choose the correct words to finish the sentences. Pouring water on the brown sugar represents_____. To demonstrate erosion, the experiment must show _____ of the brown sugar.

a)

Deposition / Heating

b)

Weathering / Removal

c)

Deposition / Removal

d)

Weathering / Heating

15.

Climate refers to which of the following...

a)

Weather patterns from a day to day events.

b)

How hot or cold a continent is.

c)

The average weather conditions in one place over a long period

of time.

16.

In which kind of rock do we usually find a fossil?

a)

sedimentary rock

b)

metamorphic rock

c)

igneous rock

17.

If you know the age of a fossil, you know the relative age of the ________________ it was found inside.

a)

sticky tar

b)

rock

c)

amber

d)

ice

18.

If you know the age of a rock, you know the relative age of the _________________ that was found inside.

a)

sticky tar

b)

fossil

c)

amber

d)

ice

19.

Which of the following would be an example of absolute age?

a)

Fossil A is older than Fossil B

b)

Fossil A and Fossil B are the same age

c)

Fossil A is 10 million years old

20.
In what way can scientists determine the ages of fossils?
a)
relative dating
b)
radioactive dating
c)
law of superposition
d)
All of the above
21.
Which layer formed first?
a)
Rock Layer W
b)
Rock Layer X
c)
Rock Layer Y
d)
Rock Layer Z
22.

What are the oldest fossils and why?

a)

B, C- because they are closest to the top

b)

A, B- because they are closest to the bottom

c)

They are all the same age- because they are all found on layer 2

d)

A, B- because they are found closest to the top

23.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
24.

Which of the following can be learned by using the fossil record?

a)

When organisms changed or evolved

b)

when organisms appeared on Earth

c)

when organisms became extinct

d)

All the above

25.
By determining the age of fossils, scientists can reconstruct the history of life on Earth
a)
True
b)
False
26.

If scientists found this fossil in a desert, what could they infer?

a)

what fish are like today

b)

that this fish lacked oxygen

c)

that water once covered the area where this fossil was found

27.
How do fossils provide evidence that evolution has happened on Earth?
a)
Fossils show how the sizes of certain animals has changed drastically over millions of years
b)
Fossils show that some species have gone extinct
c)
Fossils show how life forms present today are different than those from the past
d)
Different sedimentary rock layers provide evidence for how the environment has changed over time
28.

Fossil A is an ancient mollusk, an organism that needs water to survive. Why do you think that the mollusk went extinct in this particular sample of the fossil record?

a)

When the ocean levels rose in layer 4, the mollusk went extinct because they cannot live in water

b)

For some reason, the ocean disappeared causing the mollusk to thrive

c)

For some reason, the ocean disappeared causing the mollusk to go extinct

d)

When the ocean level rose in layer 4, the mollusk thrived because they need water

29.

When did fossil A become extinct?

a)

Layer 1

b)

Layer 2

c)

Layer 3

d)

Layer 4

30.

Organisms D and C clearly lived in an aquatic (water) environment. Organism A does not look like it lived in the water. What is the most likely explanation for this?

a)

The fossil in layer A died on land and was carried to the water

b)

The fossils in layer C and D did not live in the same location as the fossil in layer A

c)

The environment changed over a long period of time. It used to be under water, but is not anymore

31.
The millions of fossils that scientists have collected are called
a)
The Geologic Time Scale
b)
The Origin of Species
c)
The Fossil Record
d)
A really neat fossil collection
32.

According to the Law of ______________, sedimentary rock

layers are laid down on top of each other. In

order for the rock layer to form, a layer of rock must have existed below it.

a)

Superposition

b)

Horizontality

c)

Unconformities

d)

Uniformitarianism

33.

Which layer is the oldest?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

34.

Which layer is the youngest?

a)

D

b)

C

c)

A

d)

B

35.

Which of the following is tue?

a)

A fault is younger than the rock layers that it goes through.

b)

A fault is older than the rock layers that it goes through.

c)

The rock layers are younger than the fault that cuts through it.

36.

Which of the following is tue?

a)

An igneous intrusion is older than the rock layers that it goes through.

b)

An igneous intrusion is younger than the rock layers that it goes through.

c)

The rock layers are younger than the intrusion that cuts through it.

37.
What are the relative ages of the features in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
Limestone, Basalt, Fault, Siltstone
b)
Siltstone, Fault, Basalt, Limestone
c)
Limestone, Fault, Basalt, Siltstone
d)
Limestone, Siltstone, Fault, Basalt
38.
Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
A, B, C, D, E
b)
E, B, C, D, A
c)
E, D, C, B, A
d)
C, B, A, D, E
39.

Which layer is OLDER? Fault E or Intrusion D?

a)

Fault E

b)

Intrusion D

40.

Which layer is OLDER? Intrusion M or Layer D?

a)

Intrusion M

b)

Layer D

41.

Layer B on side #1 (left) is a match to which layer on side #2 (right)?

a)

z

b)

y

c)

w

d)

there is no match

42.
The rock formation labeled "P" is a(n)...
a)
fault
b)
intrusion
c)
inclusion
d)
unconformity
43.
How does the law of crosscutting explain the age of a fault?
a)
The fault is younger than the rocks above it.
b)
The fault is younger than the rocks it cuts through.
c)
The fault is older than the rocks above it.
d)
The fault is older than the rocks it cuts through.
44.
Which rock layer in the diagram seems to be the oldest?
a)
F
b)
E
c)
B
d)
A
45.

Which of the following is an example of a trace fossil?

a)

A skeleton preserved in a tar pit

b)

A footprint of an extinct animal

c)

A mummy buried in ice

d)

An insect preserved in amber

46.

Which of the following terms best describes body fossils?

a)

Rare

b)

Widespread

c)

Made of stone

d)

Mummified

47.

The diagram shows fossils and rock features...

How does intrusion X compare to the ages of the other rock layers and fossils in this geologic column?

a)

Intrusion X is older than layers Y and Z.

b)

Intrusion X is younger than all the layers.

c)

Intrusion X is older than the clam and broadleaf fossils.

d)

Intrusion X is younger than the broadleaf and fern fossils.

48.

The diagram shows fossils and rock features...

Which is younger than the clam fossil?

a)

Layer Z

b)

Broadleaf

c)

Reptile bone

d)

Intrusion X

49.

Certain fossils can be used to help determine the age of the rock layer in which the fossils are found. Which type of fossil is BEST to use when making this determination?

a)

marine mammal fossil

b)

swamp fern fossil

c)

trace fossil

d)

index fossil

50.

Which is the youngest rock layer?

a)

Siltstone

b)

Conglomerate

c)

Mudstone

d)

Limestone

51.

Which rock layer is oldest from Site 1?

a)

G

b)

B

c)

A

d)

E

52.

Which of the fossils is the oldest?

a)

Dinosaur

b)

Bird

c)

Shell

d)

Ammonite

53.

What is the largest division of time in the geological timescale?

a)

Eon

b)

Era

c)

Epoch

d)

Period

54.

Which eon name relates to visible life?

a)

Hadean

b)

Archean

c)

Phanerozoic

d)

Proterozoic

55.

In which eon were dinosaurs present?

a)

Phanerazoic

b)

Proterozoic

c)

Archean

d)

Hadean

56.

In which era do we currently live?

a)

Jurassic

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

57.

How many eras are there in the Phanerozoic eon?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

58.

How old are the oldest known fossils on Earth?

a)

4.8 Billion Years

b)

655 Million Years

c)

20 000 Years

d)

3.7 Billion Years

59.

What is the next smallest division of time after eras in the geological timescale?

a)

Eon

b)

Epoch

c)

Age

d)

Period

60.

Earth has always been a solid mass of rock

a)

True

b)

False

61.

Stratigraphy is the study of

a)

Layers of rock and geological timescales

b)

Fossils

c)

Climate

d)

Bacteria

62.

In which state of Australia are the Stromatolites of Shark Bay?

a)

New South Wales

b)

Northern Territory

c)

Western Australia

d)

South Australia

63.

What is the largest span of geological time?

a)

Era

b)

Period

c)

Epoch

d)

Eon

64.

What era are we currently living in?

a)

Paleozoic Era

b)

Mesozoic Era

c)

Cenozoic Eon

d)

Cenozoic Era

65.

What is the "Age of Mammals"

a)

Precambrian Eon

b)

Mesozoic Era

c)

Cenozoic Era

d)

Ice Age

66.

What was the "Age of Reptiles"

a)

Ice Age

b)

Mesozoic Era

c)

Precambrian Era

d)

Precambrian Eon

67.
Which rock layer in the diagram seems to be the oldest?
a)
F
b)
E
c)
B
d)
A
68.

What Eon represents 88% of Earth's history.

a)

Mesozoic

b)

Precambrian

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Cenozoic

69.

In what era did the "Trilobite" become the world's dominant species?

a)

Paleozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Cenozoic

d)

Precambrian

70.

What is the name of the supercontinent that separated in the Mesozoic Era?

a)

Pangea

b)

Pangaea

c)

League of Nations

d)

United Nations

71.

What is the name of one of the most tallest dinosaurs to live in the Mesozoic Era?

a)

T-Rex

b)

Brachiosaurus

c)

Pterodactyl

d)

Giant Turtle

72.

What era did most of the "Ice Ages" occur

a)

Precambrian Eon

b)

Paleozoic Era

c)

Cenozoic Era

d)

Mesozoic Era

73.

In what era did the first land plants appear?

a)

Silurian

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic

74.

What era did dinosaurs go extinct ?

a)

Paleozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Cenozoic

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