IS A STRIP OF REINFORCED CONCRETE WIDER THAN THE WALL WHICH DISTRIBUTES THE LOAD TO THE SOIL

 is a system of end bearing or friction piles, pile caps, and tie beams for transferring building loads down to a suitable bearing stratum

These are columns with longitudinal bars and lateral ties. The ratio of the effective cross-sectional area of vertical reinforcement to the gross column area should not be less than 1% nor more than 8%, and should consist of at least 4 bars of a minimum size of #5.

Is a mixture of lime, sand, and water that is rarely used because of its slow rate of hardening and low compressive strength.

is a high strength mortar recommended for use in reinforced masonry below grade or in contact with the earth, as foundation and retaining walls subject to high lateral or compressive loads; compressive strength is 2500 psi (17,238 kPa).