Much of Central Asia is covered by _____. Such a region is called the steppe.

The herders were _____. They moved from place to place. They searched for grass to feed the sheep and goats山羊.

Herders traveled together in large groups. These groups formed ____. The clans were made up of people related to a common共同 ancestor祖先

The nomads often rode out from the steppes and made contact with the settled peoples who lived in towns and villages. Often they traded peacefully with one another. But sometimes the nomads attacked the villages村庄 and took what they wanted by force.

Around 1200, a leader tried to bring the Mongol clans together. His name was ____.

In 1206,  a leader took the title Genghis  Khan可汗、统治者. This means “_____ ruler.”

Which is not the reason that contributed to Genghis Khan's military success?

In less than 50 years, his successors继承人conquered征服territory领土from China to ____.

The Mongols destroyed many things in their invasions. Some towns were completely wiped out. They destroyed摧毁irrigation灌溉 systems in the Tigris and Euphrates valleys.

The exchange of ideas between Asia and Europe increased. However, the Mongols may have also brought the bubonic鼠疫、黑死病 plague瘟疫 to Europe. In the 1300s, this deadly disease killed many people in Europe.

Genghis Khan began the conquest of China in 1215. His grandson, ___ Khan, conquered all of China in 1279. He was the first foreigner to rule the whole country.

Kublai Khan became China’s new emperor. He began the Yuan Dynasty. It ruled China for ___ years.

The Mongols tried to conquer other lands. Kublai Khan attacked ____ in 1274 and 1281. The Mongols forced the Koreans to build and supply ships for the planned invasions进攻.

Mongol rulers were very different from the Chinese. The Mongols kept the top government jobs for themselves. They also hired雇佣many people from other lands for these posts. Mongol rulers did not trust the Chinese.

Kublai Khan was a great leader. He restored修葺the Grand 大Canal运河. He helped foreign trade increase. Chinese goods such as silk and porcelain瓷器were in demand. Western Asia and Europe wanted Chinese inventions发明. These included _____.  

Kublai Khan welcomed merchants商人from other countries to China. Marco Polo was a trader from Venice, ____. He came to Kublai Khan’s court around 1275.

Polo returned to Italy in 1292. He told amazing stories about his journeys旅行. He described描绘China’s cities, riches富裕, and customs习俗习惯

Mongol rule in China ended in 1368 when _____ led a rebel反叛army that took control of the country.

Zhu Yuanzhang (Emperor Hongwu) 's son Yonglo continued his better policies. He also launched a major effort at making contact with other Asian peoples.

Beginning in 1405, an admiral舰队司令、海军上将 named _____ led several voyages航行to Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and Africa. Wherever he went, he gave away gifts to show Chinese superiority.

In Ming Dynasty, China allowed Europeans to trade at only three ports, but illegal trade took place all along the coast. Which one is the port city in Ming Dynasty ?

The Confucian ideas that shaped Chinese thinking said that _____ was a better way of life, so manufacturing was heavily taxed.

Missionaries基督教传教士entered进入China Ming Dynasty China, bringing both Christianity基督教and _____.

Initiated in 1415 by the small country of ____, the European voyages sialed ever farther down the west coast of Africa.

In 1492, ______, funded by Spain, made his way est across the Atlantic ocean and ran into the Americas.

In 1497, ______ launched a voyage that took him around the tip of South Africa, and with the help of a Muslim pilot, reached Southern India.

The differences between the Chinese and European oceangoing ventures were striking, most notably in terms of ______

Contrast to the European voyage in Asia, China needed military allies in the Indian Ocean, and require a lot that these regions produce. Also China had a strong drive to convert foreigners to Confucianists.

The confident and overwhelmingly powerful Chinese fleet sought both conquest and colonies

Ming China's voyage led by Zheng He to explore the Southeast Asia, South Asia and Africa is unsustainable as the Emperor Yongle didn't truly care about the economic benefits of trade overseas, and positive cycle was not set up.

Europe had no unified and supreme political authority with the power to order an end to its maritime outreach. Its system of competing states, so unlike China's single rule, ensured that once begun, rivalry alone would drive the Europeans to the ends of the earth.

China's abandonment of oceanic voyagying and Europe's embrace of the seas marked different responses to a common problem that both civilizations shared-- growing populations and _____ shortage.

Although there were many influential ladies/females in ancient China, there is actually only one female ruler. She is _______

Wu Zetian, perhaps one of history’s worst moms, killed her own baby daughter, dethroned her own son, murdered her political enemies in the court, is not a well qualified ruler for the country.

Wu Zetian was born into a poor family, poorly educated and was raised to be a fair lady淑女.

 It was Taizong who called Wu Zetian 'Mei-Niang 媚娘' meaning 'beautiful girl'

Wu Zetian began her life at court taking care of the royal laundry洗衣房.

Taizong was so impressed 印象深刻 at Wu's intelligence 智商, he took her out of the laundry and made her his secretary秘书. In her new position, she was constantly持续不断 involved in affairs事务 of state国家at the highest level and have performed her duties职责surprisingly well.

Omens预兆were extremely important to the people of ancient China and played a significant role in Tang politics.

Wu Zetian organized military campaigns出征against Korea in 668 CE which completely defeated Korea and turn 3/4 of the peninsula半岛Tang’s territory领土. Emperor Gaozong had nothing to do with either of this event.

Tang Gao Zong Li Zhi was a great ruler with courage and talents, he helped Wu Zetian a lot and taught her how to rule the empire. Therefore, Wu Zetian truly loved him and he deserved her love.

Wu Zetian organized teams to survey调查 the land and build irrigation灌溉 ditches水渠 to help grow crops谷物and redistributed分配 the land土地so that everyone had an equal share to farm.

Wu also reformed the military by mandating命令military exams武举for commanders指挥官to show competency能力, which were patterned on her imperial exams given to civil service workers. The military exams were intended意图 to measure intelligence and decision making and candidates选手were personally interviewed instead of just being appointed because of family connections or their family's name.

Wu's success in the campaigns against Korea Peninsula 朝鲜半岛 inspired confidence in her generals and Wu's decisions on military defense防卫or expeditions远征were never challenged.

Wu built an effective spy间谍network and secret police stopped rebellions反叛before they had a chance to start and the military campaigns she sent out enlarged扩大and secured确保安全 the borders边境 of the country.

What made Wu Zetian an influential and respected ruler of China ?

the saying “天下大势，分久必合，合久必分” comes from a _____

The empire帝国, long divided, must unite统一; long united,

must divide分裂.

Most dynasties lasts ≤ _____ years.

What could be the possible reasons that make most dynasties last no more than 300 years ?

A few people have most of the wealth in a society will lead to _____

"the rich get richer, the poor get poorer " is used to describe _____ effect.

wealth polarization in a society will reuslt in unfair society with conflicts (internal + external)

贫富两极分化 polarization of wealth -> 食利阶层扩大 税基减少 财政亏空 压榨弱者 贫者 -> 民不聊生

Which pair is not considered important capitals in ancient China ?

_____, which was historically known as Chang’an, is considered被认为 to be one of the birthplaces of Chinese history and civilization文明.

Chang'an existed存在 for approximately大约 6,000 years, and for a period of _____ years the city was capital of 13 dynasties, including the Han and Tang dynasties.

______ was the capital city of choice for the greatest number of dynasties in Chinese history. As many as 13 dynasties built their capital cities here and it was also repute出名to be the world’s longest-serving capital city

Built on a large scale规模in a strictly symmetrical对称format, with streets laid out like a______ board盘 and orderly inner streets, Chang’an in Tang Dynasty was the greatest city of its time.

Chang'an not only served服务as the benchmark标准for other ancient Chinese capital cities, but also influenced the design of capital cities of neighboring countries, e.g. the ancient _____ cities of Heijo-kyo (Nara奈良 ) & Heian-kyo (Kyoto京都 ).

In Chang'an, all the roads were lined with neat整齐的 rows排/列 of water drainage排水 channels通道 on both sides, and shaded阴凉 by rows of ______ trees.

The alley gates opened and shut at regular hours, and curfews宵禁were imposed强制的and monitored监督 by the troops军队of patrolling 巡逻guards卫士. However, on certain days like the Lantern Festival 元宵节，curfew is not applied.

What functional功能sections/zones分区 should a capital city contain 包含?

Abe No Nakamaro was born into a noble family and his family is well-known in Japan.

Nakamaro decided to stay in China after he finished the study in Tang college, and he never thought about returning home in Japan because he does not like his hometown Nara.

Although Nakamaro studied in Tang China, he did not learn well and failed in the civil service test, and thereby no chance for him to work for Chinese government.

Nakamaro is widely considered in Japan as a traitor 叛国者 because he did not return Japan after finishing studying in China.

In CE 752, Nakamaro tried again to return Japan, but his ship sunk and he ran off around the coast of ______ which was also part of China.

In CE 755, Nakamaro tried the 3rd time to return Japan but ______ happened, so he abandoned his hope.

Why did Japan, Vietnam, Korea and many other neighboring countries send out the missionary to China? Because

It is quite common for foreigners to study in Tang Dynasty China, pass the civil service examination, and become government officials. There were as high as 10% of government officials or generals serving in the Tang come from abroad or ethnic minorities.

It is quite easy for foreigners to study in Tang Dynasty China, pass the civil service examination, and become government officials.

Foreign students studying in Tang Dynasty had to follow the local laws, and if they behave badly they will either be put into jail 监狱(even sentenced to death死刑) or expelled驱逐出境. As foreigners in Tang, they were not special and had no privilege特权.

Tang Dynasty China was one of the top 2 mightiest 最强大 countries of its time. The other is the Arabic Empire.

Students on the government missionary遣唐使 to study in Tang China did not need to take the spoken Chinese language tests and they all have a scholarship from the Tang government. They did not need to work hard. If they fail tests, they can have to make up the test.

famous poems like "安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜" & "长安米贵，居大不易“ have reminded us that what kind of city was Chang'an 长安？

Which city below isn't the top 4 ancient capitals of China ?

Which city was the capital city of choice for the longest number of dynasties in China ?

Tang Dynasty Chang'an was actually started being constructed by _____

It took roughly _____ years to complete the construction of the Tang Chang'an which was actually started in Sui Dynasty.

The Chang'an city's streets and roads were laid out in a ____ system and differentiated by varying grades.

The widest street/road in Chang'an is the _____ Avenue.

The capital cities have always been the most advanced and prosperous city in its country.

In Chang'an, the emperor lives in the _______

In Chang'an, the government offices locate in _____

The city of Beijing in Ming & Qing Dynasties was modeled on the pattern of _____

the streets and residential areas in Chang'an were designed like a _____ with neat and symmetrical layout of the east and west.

Precious, luxurious, rare and expensive goods were always available in _____ Market in Chang'an.

Chang'an was the culture center of Tang Empire, and there were rich and colorful recreation activities including _______

Students came from _______ to study in Tang China and merchants flocked there from Central Asia and West Asia (Arabic Empire)

Among the population of around one million in Chang'an, there were over ______ foreign households.

During the Tang Dynasty, Chang'an was almost 11 times as big as today's Xi'an, and was a metropolis of international renown.

_______古称“神都”，这是武则天时期的官称，也是中国历史上唯一被官方命名为“神都”的城市。

________隋唐洛阳城·宫城， 曾用名太初宫。是隋、唐、武周帝国的大朝正宫、世界性政治中心和国家象征， 位于神都洛阳西北隅至高之处，始建于隋炀帝大业元年（605年），前后沿用530余年，成为九朝理政之所，是中国历史上沿用时间最长、使用朝代最多的皇宫。

紫微城占地面积约4.2平方公里， 是明清北京紫禁城的6倍，被誉为“万宫之宫”。紫微城正门为应天门，正殿为明堂；三大殿依次为乾阳殿、贞观殿、徽猷殿，具备最高礼制的天子五门。隋炀帝开创万国来朝、唐太宗接见玄奘、唐高宗诏释百济国王、武则天称帝、唐玄宗接见第八次日本遣唐使等仪式均在紫微城举行，唐代三次封禅大典皆从紫微城出发。

紫微城是中国历史上绝无仅有、最具特色的皇宫，其平面布局、建筑形制，奠定了中国宫城的基本格局，是隋唐以后宫殿建筑的范本，被宋代皇宫、元朝皇宫、明清故宫所仿效，甚至影响到日本、朝鲜和韩国等东亚国家。如_____平安神宫，便受到唐代紫微城的显著影响

Why people today enjoy rebuilding the ancient capital cities in games like Mincraft ?

a group of people that is different from most of the population

connected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity.

the countries bordering the Pacific Ocean, particularly Asian countries

the animal life in a particular environment

the plant life in a particular environment

a system of government in which the ruler has complete control

a form of government in which a monarch is the head of state but elected officials run the government

the ruler of a Muslim country

a type of farming in which the farmer produces only enough to feed his or her family

a country’s main city that is so large and influential that it dominates the rest of the country

a material, resource, or product that is bought and sold

a type of tourism in which people visit a country to enjoy its natural wonders

an area comprised of islands

a large farm

What economic indicator determines how crowded an area is?

Which one of these is NOT an archipelago?

If the epicenter of an earthquake occurs in the ocean, what might happen?

Define water scarcity.

Which Country in Southeast Asia is an ideal location for trading?

Rice fields in Southeast Asia are helped most by

business suits, shoes, sweaters, jeans, and t-shirts are examples of

How did the religion of Buddhism make its way to Southeast Asia?

What is the geographic feature that has created thousands of volcanoes and islands?

This country is South of the Philippines and is the largest Muslim majority country in the World.

Like the picture, higher Population Density means?

Houses on stilts, wearing a coat in winter, and putting sunscreen on are examples of

A form of limited government is like when Suharto used his military to control citizens and the government.

Trading in Southeast Asia is made easier because of the archipelagos.

Wars and political conflicts will cause people to want to leave (migrate) to another country.

What is the religious building on the Cambodian flag?

Which is the capital of Vietnam?

Which of the following countries is not located in Southeast Asia?

What is the definition of insular?

How many countries make up Southeast Asia?

Indonesia is made up of more than _____________ islands.

Define the word peninsula.

How many tectonic plates meet in Southeast Asia?

What is the Ring of Fire?

The Malay Peninsula and Indonesia's Sunda Isles are the boundary between which two oceans?

What is Southeast Asia's longest river, about 2,700 miles long?

Climates in Southeast Asia are generally ___________________.

How man climate zones does Southeast Asia have?

Which is the capital of Thailand ?

Which is the capital of Malaysia ?

Terraced Farming farmers build terraces or ledges, it lets people plant on _____ allowing them to use otherwise unproductive land.

The most noticeable feature of mainland Southeast Asia is that it lies on 2 ______

______ are winds that cause wet and dry seasons. This climate is found in parts of Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam—generally to the north or inland of the wet climate.

Southeast Asia has one of the greatest diversities of vegetation of any region. For example, it has a remarkable number of tree species. Near the equator are tropical evergreen forests, while deciduous forests are more common in the wet and dry climate zone.

Southeast Asia has much religious diversity. Buddhism is widespread in the region, while the Philippines is mostly ___ (as a result of Spanish rule), and Indonesia and Brunei are mostly _____

Buddhism and _____have influenced the region’s sculpture and architecture in the Southeast Asia.

which island in Southeast Asia accommodates the largest population?

When is the rainy season for most Southeast Asia countries?

The "Dry Season" is good for touring in Southeast Asia, and the dry season for most Southeast Asian countries is ________

Which Southeast Asian country isn't connected to China on land?

Which country does not locate on the Indochina peninsula?

The famous cultural relic Angkor Wat locates in _____?

the smallest country by land area in the Southeast Asia is _____

the Southeast Asia has the largest tropical rainforest by land area in the world.

the tropical rainforest is good for farming as it provides adequate heat and water for plants to grow.

the southeast Asia has great diversity in religion due to its favorable position for trade overseas and land

Financially the biggest difference between Song Dynasties and other dynasties is_______

What was the cause of Yue Fei's death?

Yue Fei was the only capable & loyal general in South Song that had been disrespected, humilated, tricked by emperors in South Song Dynasty.  

In 1140, the Jin army under General Wu Zhu attacked进攻the Southern Song Dynasty. Wu Zhu has ____ with special training训练. He soldiers and warhorses战马were all clad铁甲in thick armor铠甲called “guaizi horse” and had them to attack the Yue Army.

Yue Fei found out the weakness of “guaizi horse”拐子马 and instructed教授指导his men to bend弯腰and to hack砍at the horse’s unprotected legs. In this way, the Jin troops军队fell down from the horses and were crushingly溃败defeated大败. When Wu Zhu heard about this news, he burst蹦出 into a cry哭 bitterly苦涩的.

The Yue Army reoccupied重新占领a lot of lost territory领土of the Central Plains平原, this made the Song Emperor Zhao Gou very happy because he wanted to reclaim the lost land.

There was a saying in the Jin Army that “it is easier to shake the a mountain than to shake the Yue Army”, which means it is easy to push down a mountain, but it is too hard to beat the army led by Yue Fei.  

the fatuous Emperor Gaozong Zhao Gou of the South Song Dynasty made a peace with the Jin after Yue’s great victory in battlefield . Yue Fei was asked by the emperor to retreat from the battlefront . Yue Fei was then dismissed all military positions .

In 1142, Yue Fei was executed处决（砍头）on a trumped-up捏造的charge指控of “_____” (no need to have) under the secretive秘密order命令of Zhao Gou.

Treacherous court official Qin Hui was the person who carried out the secretive order to kill Yue Fei and his bronze statue has been kneeling in front of the Yue Fei Mausoleum庙since ____ Dynasty.

the tragedy of Yue Fei taught us that we should not be loyal to our rulers/leaders or our country.

China's abandonment of oceanic voyaging and Europe's embrace of the seas marked different responses to a common problem that both civilizations shared-- growing populations and _____ shortage.

Europe had no unified and supreme political authority with the power to order an end to its maritime outreach. Its system of competing states, so unlike China's single rule, ensured that once begun, rivalry alone would drive the Europeans to the ends of the earth.  

Ming China's voyage led by Zheng He to explore the Southeast Asia, South Asia and Africa is unsustainable as the Emperor Yongle didn't truly care about the economic benefits of trade overseas, and positive cycle was not set up.

The confident and overwhelmingly powerful Zheng He fleet sought only conquest and colonies in Southeast Asia.

Contrast to the European voyage in Asia, China needed military allies in the Indian Ocean, and require a lot that these regions produce. Also China had a strong drive to convert foreigners to Confucians.

The differences between the Chinese and European oceangoing ventures were striking, most notably in terms of ______ 

In 1497, _____ launched a voyage that took him around the tip of South Africa, and with the help of a Muslim pilot, reached Southern India.

In 1492, ______, funded by Spain, made his way est across the Atlantic ocean and ran into the Americas.

Initiated in 1415 by the small country of ____, the European voyages sailed ever farther down the west coast of Africa.       

Missionaries基督教传教士entered进入China Ming Dynasty China, bringing both Christianity基督教and _____.

The Confucian ideas that shaped Chinese thinking said that _____ was a better way of life, so manufacturing was heavily taxed.

In Ming Dynasty, China allowed Europeans to trade at only three ports, but illegal trade took place all along the coast. Which port city was allowed to trade overseas in Ming Dynasty ?

Beginning in 1405, an admiral舰队司令、海军上将 named _____ led several voyages航行to Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and Africa. Wherever he went, he gave away gifts to show Chinese superiority.

Zhu Yuanzhang (Emperor Hongwu) 's son Yonglo continued his better policies. He also launched a major effort at making contact with other Asian peoples, e.g. Southeast Asia.  

Mongol rule in China ended in 1368 when _____ led a rebel反叛army that took control of the country.

Marco Polo returned to Italy in 1292. He told amazing stories about his journeys旅行. He described描绘China’s cities, riches富裕, and customs

Kublai Khan welcomed merchants商人from other countries to China. Marco Polo was a trader from Venice, ____. He came to Kublai Khan’s court around 1275.

Kublai Khan was a great leader. He restored修葺the Grand 大Canal运河. He helped foreign trade increase. Chinese goods such as silk and porcelain瓷器were in demand. Western Asia and Europe wanted Chinese inventions发明. These included _____.

Mongol rulers were very different from the Chinese. The Mongols kept the top government jobs for themselves. They also hired雇佣many people from other lands for these posts. Mongol rulers did not trust the Chinese.

The Mongols tried to conquer other lands. Kublai Khan attacked ____ in 1274 and 1281. The Mongols forced the Koreans to build and supply ships for the planned invasions进攻.

Kublai Khan became China’s new emperor. He began the Yuan Dynasty. It ruled China for ___ years.

Genghis Khan began the conquest of China in 1215. His grandson, ___ Khan, conquered all of China in 1279. He was the first foreigner to rule the whole country.

The exchange of ideas between Asia and Europe increased. However, the Mongols may have also brought the bubonic鼠疫、黑死病 plague瘟疫 to Europe. In the 1300s, this deadly disease killed many people in Europe.

The Mongols destroyed many things in their invasions. Some towns were completely wiped out. They destroyed摧毁irrigation灌溉 systems in Baghdad along the Tigris and Euphrates valleys.

In less than 50 years, Genghis Khan successors继承人conquered征服territory领土from China to ____.

Which is not the reason that contributed to Genghis Khan's military success?

In 1206,  a leader took the title Genghis  Khan可汗、统治者. This means “_____ ruler.”

The nomads often rode out from the steppes and made contact with the settled peoples who lived in towns and villages. Often they traded peacefully with one another. But sometimes the nomads attacked the villages村庄 and took what they wanted by force.

Herders traveled together in large groups. These groups formed ____. The clans were made up of people related to a common共同 ancestor祖先

The herders were _____. They moved from place to place. They searched for grass to feed the sheep and goats山羊.

Much of Central Asia is covered by _____. Such a region is called the steppe.

蒙古是个游牧民族，生活在中国的北方，____以北。

奠定曹操北方第一实力的一场战役是：