A 60-year-old lady is diagnosed with a tumour at the level of the anterior lower part of the medulla oblongata. Which of the following tract is most likely to be affected in this patient?

A 25-year-old man presents to the Neurology Clinic with squint of the left eye of 2 weeks duration. He was diagnosed with aneurysm of the internal carotid artery in the left cavernous sinus. Which of the following nerves is most likely to be compressed in this patient?

An infant brought with enlarged head is diagnosed with hydrocephalus. Investigations reveals that the CSF flow is blocked by a tumour at the level of the midbrain. Which of the following sites is most likely blocked in the above case?

During the routine examination of a newborn nbaby, the pediatrician notices a swelling in the back of the baby. No obvious neurological deficits noted. Which of the following congenital anomallies is most likely found in this baby?

A 45-year-old man presents with drooping of the right upper eyelid and complains of double vision. On examination, his right eye is directed “down and out” at rest. The pupil is dilated and non-reactive to light. Which of the following nerves is most likely to be affected?

A 55-year-old man presents with hoarseness of voice and difficulty swallowing following thyroid surgery. On examination, there is deviation of the uvula to the left side when the patient says “ah.” Which of the following nerves is most likely injured on the right side during surgery?

A 48-year-old woman complains of difficulty turning her head to the left and drooping of the right shoulder following neck surgery for removal of a lymph node. On examination, there is wasting of the right sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

Which of the following cranial nerves is most likely injured during the procedure?

A 32-year-old man presents with severe headache, fever, and swelling around the eyes following a facial infection near the upper lip. On examination, he has bulging eye, conjunctival swelling, and paralysis of eye movements on the right side.

Which of the following dural venous sinuses is most likely thrombosed in this patient?

A 10-year-old boy is brought to the clinic with ear pain and hearing loss following a recent upper respiratory tract infection. On otoscopic examination, the tympanic membrane appears bulging and inflamed. The doctor explains that the infection has spread from the nasopharynx to the middle ear through a connecting structure.

Which of the following structures provides this pathway?