By the 1830s and ’40s, the inception of laws regulated women’s hours of work while leaving men free from protection or (a)   . (constrain)

Throughout western Europe from about 1780, marriage age for middle-class women dropped, creating an age (a)   between men and women in the families of this class. (disparate)

In 18th century, some skilled workers, earning good wages, would (a)   middle class people, seeking education and acquiring domestic trappings such as pianos. (emulative)

In France, in 1831, social protest was largely (a)   because many workers were too poor or too disoriented to mount a larger effort. (intermittency)

As industrialization progressed, laws were introduced to prohibit child (a)   and promote education. (labourer)

Rates of (a)   births without a formal marriage began to rise rapidly throughout western Europe from about 1780. (legitimacy)

In 19th century Europe, artisans often shunned factory workers and drew distinctions based on their traditional prestige and greater (a)   . (literate)

Middle-class people who worked were meritorious and (a)   , and they would suffer because of not working. (prosperity)

Urban workers were increasingly able to form liaisons early in life without waiting for inheritance and without close (a)   by a watchful community. (supervise)