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JDJ RADSCIENCE (MRI)

Total questions: 53

Worksheet time: 27mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

which would be least useful in magnetic resonance imaging?

a)

1H

b)

13C

c)

16O

d)

23Na

2.

The ratio of the electron magnetic moment to that of a proton is most likely

a)

4:1

b)

16:1

c)

50:1

d)

800:1

3.

the resonance frequency (kHz) for protons in a 1-T magnetic field is likely

a)

42

b)

420

c)

4,200

d)

42,000

4.

if a 90-degree RF pulse has a duration of t seconds, a 180-degree pulse is less likely to have a duration of

a)

t/4

b)

t/2

c)

t

d)

2t

5.

the maximum free induction decay signal is obtained when using a flip angle of (degrees)

a)

0

b)

45

c)

90

d)

135

6.

which of the following is likely to have the shortest T1 times?

a)

fat

b)

liver

c)

kidney

d)

white matter

7.

which of the following is likely to have the longest T1 times?

a)

liver

b)

kidney

c)

white matter

d)

CSF

8.

after 90-degree RF pulses, spins lose phase coherence in a time comparable to

a)

T1

b)

T2

c)

TE/2

d)

TE

9.

Acquisition time(s) for a 192 x 128 SE image (TE == 100ms; TR == 1,000 ms) is likely

a)

12.8

b)

19.2

c)

128

d)

192

10.

following a 90-degree pulse in SE imaging, the echo signal would likely be measured at

a)

immediately

(t == 0)

b)

TE

c)

4xT1

d)

T2

11.

A decreased MR signal is most likely when there is an increase in

a)

2

b)

T2

c)

blood flow

d)

spin dephasing

12.

which of the following is most likely to suppress signals from fat?

a)

FLASH

b)

fast SE

c)

STIR

d)

FLAIR

13.

the limiting spatial resolution (line pairs per mm) in current clinical MR is most likely

a)

0.1

b)

0.3

c)

1

d)

2

14.

when NMR image acquisition are averaged, the resultant signal-to-noise ratio likely improves by

a)

N0.5

b)

N

c)

2 x N

d)

N1.5

15.

in MR, motion results in ghost images that appear in which direction?

a)

read encode

b)

phase encode

c)

slice selection axis

d)

PA

e)

lateral

16.

chemical shift artifacts are most likely caused by fat and water differences in

a)

T1

b)

T2

c)

T2'

d)

larmor frequency

17.

the FDA guideline for limiting RF absorption (W/kg) in any gram of extremity of tissue is

a)

1

b)

2

c)

4

d)

8

18.

the largest susceptibility artifacts are likely to be seen between tissue and

a)

air

b)

blood

c)

fat

d)

marrow

19.

proton relaxation by Gd-DTPA is most likely due to the gadolinium

a)

nuclear field

b)

chelate (DTPA)

c)

unpaired electrons

d)

k-edge energy

20.

the physical size (um) of a supermagnetic particle of SPIO or USPIO is most likely

a)

0.004

b)

0.04

c)

0.4

d)

4

21.

What is the appearance of bone in MRI?

a)

dark

b)

bright

c)

white

d)

clear

22.

what is the appearance of CSF in MRI?

a)

Dark

b)

bright

c)

White

d)

clear

23.

what s the appearance of blood in MRI?

a)

dark

b)

white

c)

bright

d)

clear

24.

what is the appearance of white matter?

a)

dark

b)

white

c)

bright

d)

clear

25.

what is the appearance of fat in MRI?

a)

dark

b)

bright

c)

white

d)

clear

26.

permanent magnet system has a Tesla measurement which does not exceed

a)

0.10 Tesla

b)

0.9 Tesla

c)

0.8 Tesla

d)

0.3 Tesla

27.

a serious contraindication of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

a)

history of epilepsy

b)

metallic dental fillings

c)

Claustrophobia

d)

previous hemerrhagic cerebral contusion

28.

release of energy by excited nuclei as a result of interaction among themselves and it is one of the major determinant of MRI signal strength

a)

spin-spin relaxation

b)

spin-lattice

c)

spin echo

d)

electron intensity

29.

what is the rate constant measuring spin-spin relaxation?

a)

T2

b)

T1

c)

T

d)

G

30.

what are the advantages of MRI over CT?

  1. 1. non ionizing

  2. 2. better images of brain and spine

    1. 3. sagittal and transverse images1

a)

1 and 2

b)

1 and 3

c)

2 and 3

d)

all of these

31.

what is the most abundant element in the human body?

a)

oxygen

b)

hydrogen

c)

carbon

d)

potassium

32.

what is the frequency of 1.5 Tesla?

a)

63 MHz

b)

50 MHz

c)

40 MHz

d)

10MHz

33.

Portion of magnetic field extending away from the confines of the magnet that cannot be used for imaging but can affect nearby equipment or personnel

a)

fringe field

b)

gating

c)

gradient echo

d)

cryogenic

34.

what is T1 relaxation rate?

a)

process of nuclei releasing excess energy to the general environment or lattice, also called spin-lattice relaxation

b)

rate constant measuring spin-spin relaxation

c)

MRI pulse sequence that provide T1-T2

d)

Return of excited nuclei to their normal

35.

what is T2 relaxation rate?

a)

release of energy by excited nuclei through interaction among themselves

b)

rate constant measuring spin-lattice relaxation

c)

rate constant measuring spin-spin relaxation

d)

MRI pulse sequence that provide T1-T2

36.

What are the factors of signal strength?

  1. 1. photon density

  2. 2. relaxation time

    1. 3. flow

a)

1 and 2

b)

1 and 3

c)

2 and 3

d)

all of these

37.

what is the magnet room?

a)

it contains the major component of the MRI unit, the magnet

b)

it contains the patient

c)

an area where patients is treated

d)

viewing area

38.

what is a resistive magnet?

  1. 1. large amount of current is passed through a large number of coils to produce high magnetic fields

    1. 2. requires cooling system to offset heat produced

    2. 3. it requires ionizing radiation

a)

1 and 2

b)

1 and 3

c)

2 and 3

d)

all of these

39.

what are permanent magnets?

a)

constant field that does not require additional electricity or cooling

b)

electromagnet in which the coils of wire are cooled to extremely low temperature

c)

object that produces a magnetic field without requiring an external electricity supply

d)

a short burst of radiowaves

40.

what are superconductive (cryogenic) magnets?

  1. 1. electromagnets

  2. 2. wire loops are cooled to very low temperature with liquid helium to reduce electrical resistance

    1. 3. nonmagnetic

a)

1 and 2

b)

1 and 3

c)

2 and 3

d)

all of these

41.

what is the equivalent value of earth's magnetic field?

a)

0.5 G

b)

1.0 G

c)

1.5 G

d)

2.0 G

42.

what is spin echo?

a)

classic sequence for T1-weighted images, also useful when high signals from extensive fat

b)

science of analyzing the components of an electromagnetic wave

c)

induction of current into a receiver coil

d)

measurement of proton

43.

what may be attracted to the imaging magnet with sufficient force to injure patients positioned in the gantry?

  1. 1. iron

  2. 2. nickel

    1. 3. cobalt

a)

1 and 2

b)

1 and 3

c)

2 and 3

d)

all of these

44.

what is the only contrast approved in MRI that is commonly used in CNS studies?

a)

Gadolinium

b)

Lanthanum

c)

Yttrium

d)

Barium

45.

it is the time required for the MZ vector (MZ magnetization) to reach 63 % of its maximum value.

a)

T1 relaxation time

b)

T2 relaxation time

c)

larmor frequency

d)

spatial resolution (SR)

46.

It is defined for the transverse magnetization vector (MXY) to decrease 63% or the tie for the transverse vector to decrease to 37% of its original value

a)

T1 relaxation time

b)

T2 relaxation time

c)

larmor frequency

d)

spatial resolution (SR)

47.

Using 2.5 Tesla will give

a)

25,000 Gauss

b)

2,500 Gauss

c)

250 Gauss

d)

0.2500 Gauss

48.

it produces the largest Mxy vector and thus the strongest MRI signal for that voxel of tissue

a)

90 degree RF pulse

b)

induction decay

c)

TI

d)

PD

49.

it appears as an image copy or multiple copies with decreased intensity that is shifted from the center of the FOV and occurs along the phase-encoding direction

  1. 1. ghost

  2. 2. nyquist

  3. 3. N/2

a)

1 AND 2

b)

1 AND 3

c)

2 AND 3

d)

ALL OF THESE

50.

what artifact occurs when the number of samples in K-space (Ensemble) is too small?

a)

Gibb

b)

streak

c)

cupping

d)

aliasing

51.

it is a series of bands alternating between light and dark superimposed on the image

a)

Gibb

b)

cupping

c)

spike

d)

motion

52.

what artifact occurs when the FOV in the phase-encoding direction is smaller than the anatomy that is being imaged?

  1. 1. aliasing

  2. 2. wrap-around

  3. 3. Gibb

a)

1 and 2

b)

1 and 3

c)

2 and 3

d)

all of these

53.

what are the ferromagnetic objects screening?

  1. 1. iron

  2. 2. steel

  3. 3. 2 and 3

    1. 4. nickel

a)

1 and 4

b)

2 and 3

c)

1,2, and 3

d)

1,2,3, and 4

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