describes the average kinetic energy of molecules within a material or system and is measured in Celsius (°C), Kelvin(K), Fahrenheit (°F), or Rankine (R).

(a)  

occurs between objects that are touching each other. Collisions between small particles allow fast moving, or vibrating, particles to give some of their microscopic kinetic energy to slower particles.

(a)  

is heat transfer caused by moving fluids. In a fluid, particles can mix together, move faster, and spread out, thus distributing their thermal energy. Warm air coming from a heating vent to flow around a cool room.

(a)  

occurs without the movement of matter. Thermal radiation is made of electromagnetic waves given off by moving particles. These waves can also be absorbed by materials.

(a)  

detect a change in a physical parameter such as resistance or output voltage that corresponds to a temperature change.

(a)  

2 BASIC TYPES OF TEMPERATURE SENSING

(a)  

temperature sensing requires the sensor to be in direct physical contact with the media or object being sensed. It can be used to monitor the temperature of solids, liquids or gases over an extremely wide temperature range.

(a)  

measurement interprets the radiant energy of a heat source in the form of energy emitted in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. This method can be used to monitor non-reflective solids and liquids but is not effective with gases due to their natural transparency.

(a)  

 two different metals bonded together under heat and pressure to form a single strip of material. By employing 

the different expansion rates of the two materials, thermal energy can be converted  into electro-mechanical motion.

(a)  

make use of the capillary action of expanding or 

contracting fluid to make or break a set of electrical contacts.

(a)  

make use of the bulk electrical resistance properties of semiconductor materials, rather than the junction of two differently doped areas.

(a)  

measure the infrared energy emitted from an object in the 4–20 micron wavelength and convert the reading to a voltage

(a)  

are formed when two electrical conductors of dissimilar metals or alloys are joined at one end of a circuit. Typically, they are built around bare conductors and insulated by ceramic powder or formed ceramic.

(a)  

are devices that change their electrical resistance in relation to their temperature. They typically consist of a combination of two or three metal oxides that are sintered in a ceramic base material and have lead wires soldered to a semiconductor wafer or chip, which are covered with epoxy or glass.

(a)  

The metal sensing element is an electrical resistor that changes resistance with temperature. The element usually contains a coil of wire or conductive film with conductors etched or cut into it. It is usually housed in ceramic and sealed with ceramic cement or glass.

(a)  

provide high resolution, have the widest range of applications, are the most sensitive, and are low cost, but are nonlinear and have limited temperature range.

(a)  

ave the highest temperature region and are durable for high-vibration and high-shock applications, but require special extension wire

(a)  

are nearly linear and are highly accurate and stable, but they are large and expensive.

(a)  

are low cost and nearly linear, but have a limited temperature range.

(a)  

is the sensor’s ability to measure the temperature’s true value over a temperature range.

(a)