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WorksheetsPsychology Ch. 11 Thinking & Language
Total questions: 21
Worksheet time: 22mins
Which image is the same as the original image, aside from its orientation?
Figure A
Figure B
Figure C
Figure D
A visual, mental representation of an event or object is called a(n) (a)
Which image is the same as the original image, aside from its orientation?
Figure A
Figure B
Figure C
Figure D
A representative example of a concept is called a(n) (a)
An abstract unit of thought that represents an object or quality is called a(n) (a)
A label for a class of objects or events that have at least one attribute in common is called a(n) (a)
An abstract unit of thought that represents an object or quality is called a(n) (a)
Match the following
The process of figuring out a concrete solution to any problem. Its characteristics include speed, accuracy, and logic.
convergent thinking
The process of thinking that explores multiple possible solutions in order to generate creative ideas. Its characteristics include spontaneous, free-flowing and non-linear thinking.
divergent thinking
"Thinking about thinking." Example: You reach the bottom of a page and thought to yourself, “I’m not sure what I just read.” Your brain just became aware of something you did not know, so instinctively you might reread the last sentence or rescan the paragraphs of the page.
metacognition
A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem..
algorithm
Experimental strategies, or rules of thumb, that simplify a problem, allowing one to solve problems quickly and easily.
heuristics
In the news, we see people winning the lottery all the time and so think that we might have a good chance, too, of winning it. This overestimation of our chances of winning the lottery is an example of a(n) ______.
availability heuristic
representativeness heuristic
anchoring heuristic
familiarity heuristic
A person flips a coin 10 times and it has landed on tails every time. This person tell you that the odds are that the coin will land on heads this time. (The odds are 50-50, as they are with each coin toss.) This is an example of a(n) ______.
availability heuristic
representativeness heuristic
anchoring heuristic
familiarity heuristic
In your friend's family, everyone gets up by 8:00 am every day, including weekends. Your friend tells you that anybody that sleeps past 8:00 am is just lazy. This is an example of a(n) ______.
availability heuristic
representativeness heuristic
anchoring heuristic
familiarity heuristic
We are much more likely to die in a car crash than a plane crash. Nevertheless, fear may overcome a person getting on a plane, despite the fact that he/she did not put a moment’s thought into the drive to the airport. This is an example of a(n) ______.
availability heuristic
representativeness heuristic
anchoring heuristic
familiarity heuristic
Shoppers can make impulse purchases. These purchases may be regretted later on when they use logic and realize that they have overspent their budget. This is an example of a(n) ______.
affect heuristic
representativeness heuristic
absurdity heuristic
familiarity heuristic
____ are the smallest distinguishable units in a language. In the English language, many consonants, such as t, p, and m, correspond to single ____, while other consonants, such as c and g, can correspond to more than one of these. Vowels typically correspond to more than one of these. For example, o corresponds to different phonemes depending on whether it is pronounced as in bone or woman. Some ____ correspond to combinations of consonants, such as ch, sh, and th.
(a)
____ are the smallest meaningful units in a language. In the English language, only a few single letters, such as I and a, are ____. ____ are usually whole words or meaningful parts of words, such as prefixes, suffixes, and word stems. The word “disliked” has three ____: “dis,” “lik,” and “ed.”
(a)
____ is a system of rules that governs how words can be meaningfully arranged to form phrases and sentences. One rule of ____ is that an article such as “the” must come before a noun, not after: “Read the book,” not “Read book the.”
(a)
The study of how meaning is derived from words, phrases, and sentences within a language is known as (a) in the context of cognitive psychology. It emphasizes the connection between symbols (semiotics), like words, and the ideas they stand for in our thoughts.
The (a) states that our language affects our basic perceptions of the world. (Language and experience are so tightly related that “language controls thought”.)
The (a) states that the meaning of words is a product of social interaction. Whatever meaning a person has for something is a result of interactions with others about that “something”, e.g., the value of gold, the American flag, or flowers.
Noam Chomsky stated that each of us is born with brain structures that make it relatively easy to learn the rules of language. He called these innate brain structures (a)
The story of the invention of penicillin is another story of how overcoming ____ ____ saved the day. It may be hard to imagine, but at one time a person could die from a simple scrape of the knee. If the skin was broken and dirt entered the sore, an infection could grow out of control and spread throughout the body. Eventually, this could lead to a very slow and agonizing death. Fortunately, by pure accident, the miracle of penicillin was discovered. People had known about penicillin before, but it was considered a bit of a nuisance because it was a fungus. It wasn’t until Alexander Fleming saw it destroying a bacterium in one of his petri dishes did he realize that the annoying fungus had implications for medicine. Fleming managed to overcome ____ ____ in the medical field by seeing fungus as a potential positive rather than dismissing it as a harmful organism. If ever there was an example of overcoming ____ ____ that saved millions of lives, this is it.
(a)
