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WorksheetsGene - Alleles - Inheritance
Total questions: 135
Worksheet time: 2hrs 44mins
Cell differentiation is critical during embryonic development. The process of cell differentiation results in the production of many different kinds of specialized cells. This process is most directly influenced by
DNA
Lipids
Carbohydrates
ATP
As a fertilized egg divides, the cells differentiate because they
have different sets of DNA passed on to the daughter cells
have different sets of genes activated in the daughter cells
have mutations that cause different genes to appear in the daughter cells
randomly assort the chromosomes into different daughter cells
What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?
Making energy available for building specialized structures
Serving as a template for build specialized proteins
Bonding Amino Acids to form polypeptide chains
Serving as a stored blueprint in the nucleus for building specialized proteins
What is the role of stem cells in cell differentiation?
They serve as a precursor for generalized cells
These cells can turn into specialized cells and back into generalized cells when needed
They are generalized cells that can lead to specialized cells
They are specialized cells that can lead to generalized cells
Which are external factors that can regulate gene expression?
Operons
Homeobox Genes
Transcription Factors
Temperature
Which of these acts to block transcription and therefore gene expression?
Promoter regions of DNA
RNA Polymerase
Repressor Proteins
mRNA
When gene expression occurs
A gene is mutated with either an insertion or deletion
The gene is removed from the genotype in that cell
The gene is passed on to the daughter cells during mitosis
The gene is activated and used in protein synthesis
Cell specialization is important to all of the following except:
Multicellular organisms
Eukaryotic organisms
Red blood cells
Bacteria
Which reason explains why nerve cells function differently than muscle cells?
In nerve cells all the genes are expressed.
In muscle cells all the genes are expressed.
In both kinds of cells the same genes are expressed.
In both kinds of cells different genes are expressed.
Epithelial cells are found in
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Bacteria
Metamorphosis involves many changes in gene expression. How is it regulated?
Internal stimuli only - Hormones do all the signaling for expression.
External stimuli only - Temperature does all the signaling for expression.
Internal and external stimuli - Temperature, resource availability, hormones, and other internal chemicals cause regulation.
Neither internal nor external stimuli - The genes know what to do on their own.
Which can be found in all animals and determine the general blueprint for the body plan of animals?
Homeobox genes
Language genes
Type I Genes
Type II Genes
A characteristic that a living thing gets from its parents
inherited trait
learned behavior
physical behavior
acquired trait
What is an acquired trait?
a characteristic that a living thing is born with
a characteristic that a living thing gets during its lifetime
physical appearance
heredity
Are acquired physical traits passed down from parents to offspring?
yes
no
earlobe attachment
Inherited trait
Acquired trait
Gold contact lenses
Inherited Traits
Acquired Traits
Eye Color
Inherited trait
Acquired trait
Blood type
Inherited
Acquired
The passing on of genetic traits from parents to children or offspring.
Nurture
Heredity
Environment
To receive a characteristic or trait genetically form one's parent or grandparent.
Inherit
Nurture
Acquire
Brown eyes and black hair are what kind of traits?
Environment
Heredity
Nurture
What is the same thing as obtain?
Acquire
Characteristic
Environment
What is inheritance?
Inheritance is the inheritance of traits from one parent to offspring
Inheritance is the inheritance of traits that can be engineered without involving the parent's genes
Inheritance as the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation
Inheritance is the inheritance of traits that can be engineered by involving the parent's genes
Chromosome is...
a length of gen and that each chromosome carries a large number of genes
a length of DNA and that each chromosome carries a large number of genes
a length of RNA and that each chromosome carries a large number of genes
a length of DNA and each chromosome carries only specific genes
The statement below which is not a characteristic of genes is ...
Genes as a length of DNA that codes for a protein
Genes are segments of DNA that giving instructions for a certain characteristic
The position a gene has in a chromosome is called locus
Genes are not passed on (transferred) to offspring from parents
What is allele?
Allele is a variety or an alternative form of a gene and many genes have many different alleles
Allele as a length of DNA that codes for a protein
Allele are passed on (transferred) to offspring from parents
The allele only gives a variation
The chromosome structure sections in sequence from numbers 1-4 are ...
1) Short arm - 2) Centromere - 3) Chromatid - 4) Long arm
1) Chromatid - 2) Centromere - 3) Long arm - 4) Short arm
1) Chromatid - 2) Centromere - 3) Short arm - 4) Long arm
1) Centromere - 2) Chromatid - 3) Short arm - 4) Long arm
How is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
Describe the connection of each of these components!
In a human diploid cell there are...
46 pairs of chromosomes
21 pairs of chromosomes
15 pairs of chromosomes
23 pairs of chromosomes
Explain the autosomes and gonosomes that you know!
https://www.abpischools.org.uk/full-screen-animation/233/153
Open the link, observe and explain how a protein is made?
Genotype...
as the genetic make-up of an organism in terms of the alleles present
as the observable features of an organism
Phenotype...
as the genetic make-up of an organism in terms of the alleles present
as the observable features of an organism
Homozygous...
as having two different alleles of a particular gene
as having two identical alleles of a particular gene
Heterozygous...
as having two identical alleles of a particular gene
as having two different alleles of a particular gene
Dominant...
as an allele that is expressed if it is present
as an allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present
Recessive...
as an allele that is expressed if it is present
as an allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present
What is inheritance
is the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation
it is a thread of DNA made up of a string of genes
it is a lenght of DNA that codes for a protein
In a diploid cell there are
46 pairs of chromosome
57 pairs of chromosome
23 pairs of chromosome
22 pairs of chromosome
DNA stands for
deoxyribonucleic acids
deoxyribonucleic acid
deoxyribon
ribonucleic acid
CAT stands for
cytosine
guanine
adenine
glycine
There are ................. phases of mitosis
3
4
2
1
In human body cell there are ............pairs of chromosome
23
46
57
21
XX for
Male
Female
what is an allele
is nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cell
a version of gene
is a nuclear division which gives rise to cell that are genetically different
a version of chromosome
Which of these options define Gene Expression?
A nucleotide polymer that uses deoxyribose in its sugar phosphate backbone and forms the hereditary material of all life on earth
A single linear or circular piece of DNA that contains some or all of an organisms gene.
The process by which genetic information generates a specific protein or trait.
A segment of DNA that encodes a protein or functional RNA
Which of the following best explains why red blood cells and skin cells have different structures and functions, despite containing the same DNA?
Different cells contain different numbers of genes
Different cells replicate their DNA differently.
Different cells express different combinations of genes
Different cells can modify the types of genes on the DNA.
How would you define Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
The process by which genetic information generates a specific protein or trait
A segment of DNA that encodes a protein or functional RNA
A nucleotide polymer that uses deoxyribose in its sugar phosphate backbone forms the hereditary material of all life on Earth.
A physical characteristic of an organism
A single linear or circular piece of DNA that contains some or all of an organism's gene
Gene Expression
Chromsome
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Gene
A physical characteristic of an organism
Gene
Gene Expression
Trait
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
A nucleotide is a small molecule composed of a sugar phosphate backbone and a base. What distinguishes one nucleotide from another?
The phosphate
The backbone
The base
The sugar
The instructions for forming species’ characteristics are carried in–
gametes.
mitochondria.
ribosomes.
DNA
A segment of DNA that encodes a protein or functional RNA
Gene
Gene Expression
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Trait
What happens to the number of chromosomes during meiosis?
The number of chromosomes doubles.
The number of chromosomes reduces by half.
The number of chromosomes reduces by one-fourth
The number of chromosomes stays the same.
What is the significance for non-protein-coding sections of DNA?
They provide directions for lipid production.
They increase the length of DNA to properly form chromosomes.
They carry out regulatory functions for cells.
Scientists do not know yet.
Aa, DD, Ba, and yy are all examples of ---
genotypes
phenotypes
In humans, having freckles (F) is dominant to not having freckles (f). What is the percent chance that a married couple with no freckles will give birth to a child who has freckles?
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
If black fur is dominant and white fur is recessive, what genotype would an organism with white fur have?
FF
Ff
ff
Each one of the boxes on the Punnett square represents what probability of an offspring's genotype?
25%
1%
10%
0%
What type of Genotype is this: AA?
Homozygous
Heterozygous
What type of Genotype is this: Aa?
Homozygous
Heterozygous
What is DNA
donuts need algea
did no algebra
do not answer
deoxyribonucleic acid
Where is DNA found???
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cell wall
Auditorium
What are the name of structures which contain DNA???
Zoneosomes
Colonsomes
Bromosomes
Chromosomes
How many chromosomes do human cells have?
46
23
2
44
Which organelle(part of the cell) is DNA usually found in?
cell membrane
vacuole
chloroplast
nucleus
Characteristics or features that can be passed from one generation to another is
heredity
trait
gene
nature
There is a segment of DNA that codes for every trait that a person has.
These segments of DNA are found on chromosomes and are called ________.
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Genes
Heredity
Recessive Traits
A long piece of coiled DNA found in the cells; contains genes that encode traits.
gene
chromosome
trait
DNA
Janet is a fast runner. This is an example of an _______
Inherited trait
Acquired trait
George has blonde hair. This is an example of an ________
Acquired trait
Inherited trait
What is a phenotype?
a gene pair where each allele in the pair is the same version
a gene pair where each allele in the pair is a different version
the physical expression of a set of genes for a particular trait
What is a chromosome?
a gene pair where each allele in the pair is the same version
long strand of DNA condensed (or supercoiled) into a stick-like structure
a gene pair where each allele in the pair is a different version
What are alleles?
a gene pair where each allele in the pair is the same version
a gene pair where each allele in the pair is a different version
Since human cells carry 2 copies of each chromosome (one from each parent), they have 2 versions of each gene
What is DNA?
molecule that carries the genetic information in your body's cell; it is made up of four chemicals called bases that are abbreviated A,T,C, and G.
the set of genes responsible for a particular trait or phenotype
a distinct portion of your cell's DNA that carries genetic instructions for a particular protein
What is Homozygous?
organelle that contains a eukaryotic cell's genetic material
a gene pair where each allele in the pair is the different version
a gene pair where each allele in the pair is the same version
What is the nucleus?
the set of genes responsible for a particular trait or phenotype
organelle that contains a eukaryotic cell's genetic material
a distinct portion of your cell's DNA that carries genetic instructions for a particular protein
What is genotype?
the physical expression of a set of genes for a particular trait
a distinct portion of your cell's DNA that carries genetic instructions for a particular protein
the set of genes responsible for a particular trait or phenotype
What are base pairs?
molecules that will bond together, such as adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine
a gene pair where each allele in the pair is a different version
a distinct portion of your cell's DNA that carries genetic instructions for a particular protein
What does heterozygous mean?
a gene pair where each allele in the pair is a different version
a gene pair where each allele in the pair is the same version
a set of genes responsible for a particular trait or phenotype
What is a genome?
a distinct portion of your cell's DNA that carries genetic instructions for a particular protein
a gene pair where each allele in the pair is a different version
organism's complete set of genetic material (DNA) that contains all the information needed to build and maintain that organism
What is a gene
organism's complete set of genetic material (DNA) that contains all the information needed to build and maintain that organism
a distinct portion of your cell's DNA that carries genetic instructions for a particular protein
molecules that will bond together, such as adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine
What are homologous chromosomes?
gene pair where each allele in the pair is the same version
the physical expression of a set of genes for a particular trait
chromosome pairs (one from each parent) that are similar size and carry genes for the same trait
Where inside a cell are chromosomes found?
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Chromosomes contain tightly wound molecules of...
DNA
RNA
IRA
PMA
Humans have _______ pairs of chromosomes, for a total of _______ chromosomes.
10, 20
25, 100
23, 46
46, 92
A segment of DNA that codes for a trait
gene
centromere
chromosome
chromatid
A version or variation of a gene
trait
gene
allele
DNA
An observable characteristic in an organism is...
Trait
Undefinable
Cell
DNA
The observable expression of a trait is its
phenotype
genotype
chromosome
allele
The alleles that an organism has/inherits are its
genotype
phenotype
chromosome
recessive
Phenotype
Genotype
Phenotype
Genotype
DNA stands for
Dioxyribo Nucleic Acid
Dunder Nucleic Acid
Dopamine Nucleic Acid
Deciduous Nucleic Acid
Which is in order from largest to smallest structure?
chromosome, DNA strand, gene, nucleotide
chromosome, gene, DNA strand, nucleotide
gene, DNA strand, chromosome, nucleotide
DNA strand, chromosome, gene, nucleotide
What are the parts of a nucleotide?
phosphate, sugar, base
A, T, G, C
Nucleic Acids
two base pairs connected
One strand of DNA has how many nucleotides
millions
about 20
billions
thousands
Which of the following is correctly matches: ATT GTA CGA
TAA CAT GCT
ATT GTA CGA
TAA GTA TCG
GCC ACG TAC
What do genes do?
make proteins
store energy
create covalent bonds
create hydrogen bonds
The size and shape of proteins determines:
their function
their bonds
their nucleotides
their chromosomes
The 'backbone' or 'ribbon' of the DNA strand is made of:
phosphate and sugar
phosphate only
phosphate and base
sugar and base
Covalent bonds occur:
on the ribbon (between the sugar)
between the bases
only between A & T
only between G & C
Hydrogen bonds occur:
on the ribbon (between the sugar)
between the bases
only between A & T
only between G & C
What is this a picture of?
nucleotide
DNA strand
chromosome
gene
Label the picture in order:
phosphate ; sugar ; base
phosphate ; base ; sugar
base ; sugar ; phosphate
base ; phosphate ; sugar
Which of the following correctly matches: GCT AGA TCG
CGA TCT AGC
TAG CTC GAT
ATC GAG CTA
ATG CTC CGT
DNA is shaped in a:
double helix
tightly packed swirl
twisted ladder
nucleotide
antiparallel stands of nucleotides run in:
opposite directions
the same direction
base pairs
chromosomes
In which phase does the DNA copy itself?
interphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
In which phase do the chromosomes line up?
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
In which phase do the chromosomes form?
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
In which phase do the chromatids split apart?
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
In which phase do new nuclear membranes form?
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
