define the various roles of members; set limits on employee work behavior; create rules and regulations; vary widely from organization to organization; adapt to the environment in which an organization is located

make up the base level of the pyramid; produce an organization’s goods and services; generally do not manage or oversee the work of other employees

part of an organization’s management team; oversee the work of operative employees; are the only managers who do not manage other managers; considered first-level managers

employees who manage other managers; responsible for establishing and achieving the goals of their specific department or region set by top management

sets an organization’s goals and objectives; develops methods for achieving goals and objectives; is the head of the organization

refers to accomplishing goals and objectives effectively and efficiently; involves using your resources competently; always has an end goal of achievement; accomplished through a specific organizational structure

arrange and group jobs based on specific tasks in order to enhance efficiency; increase the effectiveness of communication and reporting

are laid-back and undefined; involve employees completing tasks which may not always fit their job description; normally found in smaller businesses with fewer employees

clearly defined and organized; can be found in any size business

occurs when a job is broken down into a number of steps which are each completed by a different individual

the number of employees a supervisor can direct; varies from supervisor to supervisor

the principle in which an employee should have only one supervisor to whom he or she is responsible; decreases conflicting demands and priorities

refers to the rights of a supervisory position to give orders; one person’s position over another

the most straightforward form of authority; gives the supervisor the right to direct the work of his or her employees without consulting others