uses human reason to INVESTIGATE the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things.

uses human reason to INVESTIGATE the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things.

Philosophy originated from Ancient Greece around the 6th Century BCE

Gives emphasis on reason rather than faith

schools of thought are tied with religious beliefs

The Pre-Socratics were the first Philosophers

The Father of Western Philosophy

They were teachers who traveled throughout Greece and taught people who wished to learn.

They believed that teaching is more than training people to win arguments.

He believed that water is the ultimate composition of all things

All things are created and emerged from an indefinite and boundless realm called apeiron

He believed that air is the source of life

He is a mathematician and Scientist who came up with the Pythagorean Theorem

He believes that change is permanent.

He theorized that all material bodies are made up of indivisibly small “atoms”

An advocate of simple and virtuous life

believes in the Life of Happiness

made contributions to the field of ethics

His teaching and writings were considered the foundation of Western Philosophy.

Formulated a formal process of analyzing reason by using DEDUCTIVE REASONING

Considered as the leading scientist of the ancient times who gave rise to Modern Calculus

seeing only bad things

being calm and almost without emotion

emphasis on morality, virtue, calm, and emotional fortitude

Application of Philosophy to define and explain religious doctrines

emphasis on the human person; use of Philosophy to understand society, nature, and humanity

reason and logic is considered the basis of knowledge and belief, man has innate knowledge that can be accessed through intuition or deduction.

Knowledge is gained through the senses and experience; reliance on inductive reasoning to arrive at generalizations

discussions on the ideal human situation and society; emphasis on individual rights and liberties

studies and observes the relation between things and laws of science; knowledge is based on observable phenomena

an action is morally right if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people

emphasis on the practical use of knowledge and ideas

human experience is defined by the views, emotions, and actions of the individual

experience is studied based on the subjective viewpoint of the individual

man will never understand the human condition and the meaning of life

analysis on how knowledge, ideas, and power relations are defined

the central aspect of life

belief in one God, who has a role in the ultimate destiny

belief in three main gods (Brahma, Shiva, and Vishnu); belief in ‘samsara’ (the cycle of birth and rebirth) and karma

animistic religion influenced by Japanese myth and traditions

rejects the idea of a creator; the universe which has cycles of prosperity and suffering

belief in ‘samsara’ (the cycle of birth and rebirth); the Four Noble Truths; one must follow the eightfold path

self-transformation can lead to the betterment of the family and society

there is unity among opposites (yin and yang) as they act in accordance with the natural order

belief in Allah; commitment to faith is shown through the practice of the Five Pillars

They believe that God created the universe and is present everywhere; ultimate destiny is union with the divine through meditation.

the cycle of birth and rebirth (samsara) is broken when a person achieves ultimate union with the Divine (moksha)

The fulfillment of duties and behavior in accordance with the established order in the world

The Noble Eightfold Path states that worldly existence as imperfect and influenced by earthly desires and dukkha (suffering)

a way of thinking about the world; composed of beliefs of a person

our own correctness and values

Seek to question the very frameworks upon which people base their own beliefs and views

the central principle in Philosophy

looks into the nature of man

deals with beauty and what makes things beautiful

deals with correct reasoning

discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing

moral questions and dilemmas

deals with questions of justice, power, and the rights and obligations of citizens

questions regarding reality and existence

Philosophy can't be a reflective and mediating activity

Philosophy can be a way of exercising critical thinking