Worksheetsde witt high points of pages 40-93
Total questions: 46
Worksheet time: 30mins
The crystals on our transducer in echo is made of (a)
Adult TTE probes have a frequency range of __
2-3 MHz
2-3.5 MHz
3-4.5 MHz
1.5-3 MHz
Neonates are scanned with a (a) MHz frequency probe or higher
The optimal 2D echo image is acquired when the probe is ___ to the structure being imaged aka on-axis
perpendicular
parallel
adjacent
If there is too much LV apex in the parasternal long axis, the transducer is probably positioned too __/_.
lateral
inferior
medial
superior
The ___ view shows all of the walls in the same plane concurrently, providing a great representation of global function.
parasternal long
parasternal short
2C
3C
The apical views allow us to appreciate __ different walls in their entirety (apex to base). However, the tradeoff is that we can't view all walls concurrently.
2
3
4
The typical M-Mode sweep speed is __ mm/sec
50
25
100
125
With pericardial effusion, ___ is useful for ruling out hemodynamic compromise such as RV diastolic collapse.
m-mode
color doppler
PW doppler
CW doppler
The ideal Doppler angles for echo specifically are and _ degrees to the blood flow.
90
0
180
60
The primary disadvantage of pulsed wave Doppler is that it only detects flow with a velocity less than _ m/s. If the sample volume's peak velocity is greater than _ m/s, aliasing occurs.
2
3
4
4
The Nyquist limit is:
PRF/2
PRF x 4
PRF / 4
PRF x 2
To avoid aliasing, switch to high pulsed repetition frequency Doppler. HPRF allows velocites of greater than 2m/s to be acquired with PWD. The disadvantage is that it utilizes 2 or more gates so it is difficult to determine the exact location of the sample volume, which causes __
temporal resolution degradation
range ambiguity
blossoming
lateral resolution degradation
Unlike PWD which hones in on a certain area to get its measurements from, CWD measures everything along the cursor. The brightside is that CWD is capable of detecting high and low velocity flow but the downside is that it experiences (a)
A PEDOF probe is specifically recommended for which valve's stenosis
aortic
mitral
tricuspid
pulmonic
Left ventricle is at its largest dimension/volume (mitral valve has just snapped shut).
end diastole
early systole
end systole
aortic valve just opened, left ventricle decreasing in size
end diastole
early systole
end systole
left ventricle is at its smallest dimension/volume (aortic valve just snapped shut or is about to)
end diastole
early systole
end systole
We take the IVS, LVID, PWT, LAX AO, and RV measurements during which stage of the heartbeat
End Diastole
Early Systole
End Systole
We take the AOV annulus during which part of the heartbeat
peak systole
end systole
early systole
end diastole
we take the LVOT measurement during which portion of the heartbeat
mid systole
end systole
early systole
peak systole
IVS measurement:
6-9 mm in women
7-10 mm in women
6-10 mm in men
7-10 in men
LVIDd (diastole) measurement:
37.8-52.2 mm in women
42-58.4 in men
36.2-51.5 in women
44.3-59 in men
PWT measurement (last part of the 3 in the PLAX measurement):
6 - 9 mm in women
6 - 10 mm in men
7-10 in women
7-11 in men
LVIDs (systole) measurement:
21.6 - 34.8 in women
20.3 - 24.6 in women
25-39.8 in men
22-38.7 in men
LA measurement:
27-38 mm in women
28-38 in women
30-40 in men
35-45 in men
lvot measurement pls im begging for the love of god (a) cm
AO root measurement:
23 +/- 2 mm in women
26 +/- 3 mm in men
24 +/- mm in women
23 +/- mm in men
EF% normal range (20+ years old):
53-73
43-63
30-70
63-83
LV hypertrophy at 13-15mm is considered __ in women:
normal
mild
moderate
severe
LV hypertrophy above 16 mm is considered __ in women
normal
mild
moderate
severe
left ventricular hypertrophy of 14-16 mm is considered __ in men
mild
moderate
normal
severe
LV hypertrophy above 17 mm is considered __ in men
moderate
severe
normal
mild
the ___ is considered normal if its within 4-10 mm
coronary sinus
RV wall
LA linearly
IVSD
The (a) is the most anterior chamber of the heart
tricuspid regurg is a rare occurrence
t
f
CWD doppler of the TV has a normal range of: __ m/s
.3-.7
.5-.9
.2-.7
.3-.10
a TR peak velocity of (a) m/s is seen as the upper limits of normal amongst most labs
we're looking for the IVC to collapse by __% and be less than __ cm wide.
50%,
2.1
45%,
1.8
55%,
2.1
50%,
1.8
pulmonary hypertension is normal when the values are between: __ mmHg
18-25
19-27
17-26
20-27
the normal range of the PV and PA bifurcation is 3 cm wide x 5 cm long
t
f
the normal range of the pulmonic valve PWD/CWD is: __ m/s
.6-.9
.5-.10
.7-.11
.6-.11
RVOT prox normal range is 21- (a) mm
RVOT distal normal range is 17- (a) mm
the most posterior chamber of the heart
(a)
the RV chamber is no more than (a) the size of the LV and it has the moderator band which you can see on some pt
