-loud, brassy

-sound travels better over liquid

-could indicate pneumonia if heard lower in chest.

pop/bubble sounds

boiling sound

short

(vesicular)

-pulmonary fibrosis

2:1 ration (longer inhale, shorter exhale)

-"wind" sound through leaves

not as loud as normal

-large airways w/ mucous

"walking through snow"

-coarse sound

-pneumonia, pulmonary edema

-pleura is inflamed/causes friction when breathing

-sharp pain

-"rocking chair" or moving on leather sound

-heavy secretions, large airways

-"rales"

-under water sound

sounds like seal

-emergency

-racemic epinephrine treats this

-almost completely closed airway (obstruction)

-can be any place

-sounds like a whale

-obstruction

-COPD, Asthma

left, lower, lobe

bilateral

right, middle, lobe

-patient says 99 front/back

-hear it clearly = fluid, abnormal, atelectasis,pleural effusion

-sound can't travel over air

-can't hear/faint=no liquid/pneumo?

-dull sounds=fluid/atelectasis "full"

-resonant=normal

-hyper resonant=a lot of air=pneumothorax, hyperinflation, "hollow"

May be shifted from middle with atelectasis, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, lung tumors

-atelectasis pulls towards (evacuation of air)

-pneumothorax pushes it away

-pleural effusion fluid, push away

-lung tumor push away

(grab sides of ribs (back) space should form between thumbs

-if hands don't spread = fluid/atelectasis

-both hand move = good

-vibrations = fluid/atelectasis

-hands on chest to feel vibrations

(BS-breath sounds)

-start at lower back

-atelectasis=fine crackles=fluid

-bronchial BS un lower lobes = fluid/atelectasis

from the side, use hands to get thickness of chest, turn sideways, should be no more than half back

-A/P=width of chest

-commonly seen in patients with emphysema

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