The cardiologist often starts an examination with ______ (listening to sounds within the body through a stethoscope. Some abnormal sounds a physician may hear are a murmur, a bruit, or a gallop. Each sound is a clue to the client's condition.

A _____ is then often used to measure blood pressure.

A common test is ______, which produces an electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) this measures the amount of electricity flowing through the heart by means of electrodes placed on the client's skin at specific points surrounding the heart.

A ____ is a portable electrocardiograph, or instrument that performs an electrocardiogram, over a 24-hour period.

Various diagnostic procedures can be performed by producing some type of image. Taking x-rays after a dye has been injected is called _____ (x-ray of the heart and its large blood vessels).

Various diagnostic procedures can be performed by producing some type of image.

______ (x-ray of blood vessels).

Various diagnostic procedures can be performed by producing some type of image.

_______ (x-ray of a specific artery).

Various diagnostic procedures can be performed by producing some type of image.

_______ (x-ray of the aorta).

Various diagnostic procedures can be performed by producing some type of image.

______ or ______ (x-ray of a specific vein).

A _____ is an x-ray showing the ventricles. These tests measure stroke volume (SV), the amount of blood leaving a ventricle in one contraction.

Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood the ventricle ejects every minute; and the ______, the percentage of volume of the contents of the left ventricle ejected with each contraction.

Ultrasounds tests, or ultrasonography or ______, produce images by measuring the echoes of sound waves against various structures.

_____ measures blood flow in certain blood vessels.

_____ records sound waves to show the structure and movement of the heart. The test itself is called an echocardiogram.

Radioactive substances that are injected into the client can provide information in a _____, a test that measures movement of areas if the heart or in nuclear medicine imaging.

_____ is one form of nuclear imaging. A PET scan of the heart reveals images of the heart's blood flow and its cellular metabolism.

Another form of nuclear imaging is _____.

The flow of blood in the arteries is affected by the amount of ______ and ______ (fatty substances or lipids) container in the blood. Lipids are carrier through the blood by lipoproteins. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) causes cholesterol to form lockage in the arteries.

A _____ (a series of laboratory tests performed on a blood sample) gives the lipid, triglyceride, glucose, and other valves that help to evaluate a client's risk factors.

Another important laboratory test of blood is the ______ (also called a ______), which measures the level of enzymes released into the blood by damaged heart muscles during a myocardial infarction. Enzymes that help evaluate the condition of the client are creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the protein troponin.