It is a statement of a possible relationship between two variables

It is the variable that we think is affecting the change in how people describe themselves.

This happens when two variables move together.

This is a smaller group that is representative of the population.

This is when researchers observe people by joining them in their daily routines in an attempt to understand the lifestyle of your subjects

This means that your subjects must know that you're observing them and must be made aware of any risks they take by being part of your study

This uses an existing theory to inform the hypothesis you test. You start with a theory and collect data that allows you to test the theory.

This takes your observations and uses them to build a theory. You start with data then use them to form an idea about how the world works.

He was concerned with social solidarity with how society hangs together.

This person was concerned with freedom. He thought that humans are poorly adapted to the natural world. In order for humans to survive, we must change nature, work together to remake it to fit our needs. Humans must labor cooperatively to survive.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels formulated this perspective. This looks at change over time and is concerned with questions of material reality.

This is the organization of labor and resources in a society.

The following can be called modes of production and Karl Marx understands them as stages of history.

This is basically the technical, scientific, and material parts of the economy like tools, buildings, material resources, technology, and the human labor that makes them go.

This defines how people organize themselves around labor

They are the ones who work in the factories and use resources to make things, but don't own the factories or the things they make.

They are the ones who own the factories and the things that are made in them.

This is a type of culture composed of a dominant set of ideas that are all-pervasive or spread widely and taken for granted in a society. Antonio Gramsci helped in formulating this.

He was one of the earliest American sociologists and one of the firt proponents of race-conflict theory. He studied the lives of African Americans and the oppression they faced during the Jim Crow era of American History. He is also African American himself.

These are laws in the South that enforced racial segregation

It is thought of as a socially constructed category of people who share biological traits that society has deemed important.

This refers to the process through which social, political, and economic forces influence how a society defines racial categories. This was formalized by sociologists Michael Omi and Howard Winant.