Evolution of IoT

(a)  

Devices that collect

data from the physical

world. (eg. velocity, GPS

coordinates,

temperature, etc...).

(a)  

Devices that perform

actions based on data.

(eg. Motors , servo , etc..)

(a)  

Embedded computing

units that process data.

• Embedded computing

units that manage IoT

devices.

• Process sensor data

and control actuators.

• Common

microcontroller

platforms (e.g.,

Arduino, Raspberry Pi).

(a)  

successively the data

collected is sent to the cloud

(through either WiFi or

Bluetooth connection).

(a)  

once the data is received

by the cloud infrastructure,

it can then be processed (eg.

check if the data received

adhere to the requirements

and if its not alert the user).

(a)  

Once the data is

processed, the results are

then given to the and user.

(a)  

Sensors are the primary means of

collecting data from the physical world. They can

detect and measure a wide range of parameters

such as temperature, humidity, pressure, motion,

light, and more. This data forms the foundation for

informed decision-making.

(a)  

Sensors enable real-time

monitoring of physical environments and processes.

This is vital in applications like environmental

monitoring, industrial automation, and healthcare,

where instant data updates are critical.

(a)  

In IoT and industrial settings, sensors

are often used to automate processes based on

predefined conditions. For example, temperature

sensors can trigger HVAC systems to maintain a

comfortable room temperature.

(a)  

Sensors can improve the efficiency of

various systems and processes. For instance, smart

thermostats can optimize heating and cooling,

reducing energy consumption and costs.

(a)  

In industrial IoT (IIoT),

sensors can detect anomalies in machinery, allowing

for predictive maintenance. This prevents costly

downtime and extends the lifespan of equipment.

(a)  

Sensors are essential for ensuring safety in

many applications. For example, gas sensors can

detect leaks, smoke detectors can alert to fires, and

proximity sensors can prevent accidents in

manufacturing.

(a)  

Sensors are used in

environmental monitoring to track air and water

quality, weather conditions, and more. This data

helps us better understand and mitigate

environmental issues.

(a)  

sensors are used for

monitoring vital signs, patient tracking, and drug

delivery. Wearable health devices use sensors to

provide valuable health insights to individuals and

medical professionals.

(a)  

Sensors are at the heart of smart

home automation, enabling homeowners to control

lighting, security, and appliances remotely and

create energy-efficient homes.

(a)  

sensors help

optimize irrigation, monitor soil conditions, and track

livestock, leading to higher crop yields and resource

conservation.

(a)  

sensors are essential for safety features

like collision avoidance, lane-keeping, and adaptive

cruise control.

(a)  

The data collected by

sensors feeds into analytics and machine learning

algorithms, providing valuable insights for improving

operations, optimizing supply chains, and making

data-driven decisions.

(a)  

Sensors on satellites and drones

are used for remote sensing applications, including

weather forecasting, environmental monitoring, and

disaster response.

(a)  

Sensors are vital tools in scientific

research, enabling precise measurements and data

collection in various scientific disciplines.

(a)  

sensors detect

unauthorized access, motion, and intrusions,

enhancing the safety and security of homes and

businesses.

(a)  

Measure

environmental conditions (e.g.,

temperature, humidity)

(a)  

Detect nearby

objects or motion.

(a)  

Collect data related

to living organisms (e.g., heart rate

sensors).

(a)  

Detect gases like CO2,

Types of Sensors in IoT

CO, and methane.

(a)