What was the highest elected office in the Roman Republic?

What were the professional armies of ancient Rome called?

Who was the title given to the ruler of ancient Rome with absolute power?

What was the name of the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church?

What was the period of European history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance called?

Who was the founder of Islam?

What is the holy book of Islam?

What is the term for the struggle or effort in the way of God in Islam?

What is the tax paid by non-Muslims in Islamic states called?

What is the Islamic law based on the teachings of the Qur'an and the Hadith?

What are the two main branches of Islam?

What is the title given to the political and religious successor to Muhammad in Sunni Islam?

What is the name of the capital city of the Abbasid Caliphate?

What was the name of the Muslim conquerors of Spain?

What is the term for the period of cultural and economic deterioration in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire?

What is the term for the political and social system based on the holding of land in exchange for service and loyalty?

What is the term for the economic system of agricultural production in medieval Europe?

What is the term for a mounted warrior in medieval Europe?

What is the term for a noble or landowner in medieval Europe?

What is the term for the land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service?

What was the name of the battle in 1066 that resulted in the Norman conquest of England?

What was the name of the survey of England ordered by William the Conqueror?

What was the name of the period of cooling in Europe from the 14th to the 19th century?

What was the name of the severe famine in Europe from 1315 to 1316?

What was the name of the split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417?

What was the name of the series of conflicts between England and France from 1337 to 1453?

What was the name of the epidemic that killed millions of people in Europe in the 14th century?

What was the name of the series of holy wars fought between Christians and Muslims in the Middle Ages?

What was the concept in ancient China that gave the ruler the divine right to rule?

What is the term for a series of rulers from the same family in ancient China?

What is the term for the respect and obedience that children owe their parents in Confucianism?

What is the name of the philosophy that emphasizes harmony with nature and living in simplicity?

What is the term for the system of selecting government officials based on merit in ancient China?

Who was the only female emperor in the history of China?

What is the name of the dynasty that ruled China from 618 to 907?

What is the name of the dynasty that ruled China from 960 to 1279?

What is the name of the trade route that crossed the Sahara Desert in Africa?

What is the name of the trade route that connected the countries bordering the Indian Ocean?

What is the name of the network of trade routes that connected Asia, Europe, and Africa?

What is the term for a written order that allowed merchants to exchange goods for money in different locations?

What is the name of the inn or rest stop for caravans along trade routes?

What is the term for a group of traders traveling together for safety?

What is the term for the spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one culture to another?

What is the name of the seat or pad used on a camel's back for riding?

What is the term for the empires that were formed by the use of gunpowder weapons?

What is the name of the empire that ruled over much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa?

What is the name of the empire that ruled over Persia and parts of Central Asia?

What is the name of the empire that ruled over the Indian subcontinent?

What is the title given to the ruler of Iran in the Safavid Empire?

What is the title given to the ruler of an Islamic state?

What is the term for the floating gardens used for agriculture in the Aztec civilization?

What is the name of the ancient Inca city in Peru?

What is the name of the feathered serpent deity in Aztec mythology?

What is the term for the agricultural practice of cutting terraces into hillsides?

What is the term for a symbol or character used in writing?

What is the term for the ritual killing of a person as an offering to a deity?

What is the name of the ancient Native American city located in present-day Illinois?

What is the name of the ancient Native American cliff dwelling in Colorado?

What is the name of the ancient ball game played by the Maya?

What is the term for the period of renewed interest in art, literature, and learning in Europe?

What is the term for a person who financially supports artists and intellectuals?

What is the term for the intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements?

What is the term for the separation of religion and government?

What is the term for the everyday language spoken by the people in a particular region?

What is the name of the printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg?

What is the name of the powerful banking and political family in Renaissance Florence?

What is the name of the city in Italy that was a center of the Renaissance in the 1400s?

What is the term for a person with knowledge or skills in many different areas?

What is the term for the artistic technique that creates the illusion of depth and distance?

What is the term for the artistic style that aims to depict subjects realistically?

What is the term for the period of European exploration and discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries?

What is the name of the small, fast sailing ship used by Portuguese and Spanish explorers?

What is the term for the explosive substance used in firearms?

What is the term for the precious metal that was a major motivation for exploration?

What is the term for the belief in a higher power or divine being?

What were the main motives for exploration?