sodium and potassium are

(+) charged ion found primarily in the fluid outside the cell, although some is found inside

considered the primary extracellular ion

(+) charged and primary intracellular ion, found in fluid outside of the cell, although some is found inside

for most body cells to perform functions such as muscular contraction and nerve impulse transmission, they require an alternating movement of ... out of the cells and ...into the cells

sodium inside of a cell wants to stay inside the cell where the concentration is_ than the concentration of sodium outside the cell

molecules naturally more from an area of_ concentration to an area of _concentration

molecules move_ the concentration gradient, not the other way around

sodium molecules have to be pumped out _the concentration gradient

the sodium-potassium pump constantly exchanges_ for _ in a continuous cycle

_is required for the sodium-potassium pump to work

the energy for the sodium-potassium pump is in the form of

ATP is released through _

the breakdown of glucose within the cell

if ATP-energy production by cells is lacking, as found in poor perfusion states and anaerobic metabolism _

Water follows sodium

as water accumulates inside a cell, the cell will

If water accumulated inside the cell and swells, the cell will _

a lack of energy from the sodium/potassium pump results in _

lack of adequate delivery of oxygen and and glucose to cells can lead to