A physical therapist observes a patient complete hip abduction and adduction exercises in standing. Which axis of movement is utilized with these particular motions?

A patient is examined in physical therapy for complaints of right elbow pain. When asked to indicate the location of their pain, the patient points to both the anterior and lateral elbow.

The therapist decides to perform a special test to differentiate between lateral epicondylitis and distal biceps tendonitis. Which of the following special tests would be the MOST useful?

A 21-year-old college gymnast reports pain on the posterior surface of the right calcaneus. Manual muscle test scores are 5/5 for all ankle musculature with pain on resisted plantarflexion. Passive range of motion are all within normal limits, with some pain on passive end range dorsiflexion. Palpation reveals tenderness along the insertion of the gastrocsoleus. Gait exam reveals an antalgic gait with pain at push-off. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?

A 25-year-old long-distance runner came to the physical therapy clinic complaining of right heel pain. He reported that the pain often occurs at the start and toward the end of training. He reported that the pain is worse in the morning and after training. On examination, the physical therapist noticed that the patient has a low arch on the right foot compared to the left. Which of the following structures is most likely affected?

A physical therapist is reviewing a patient's medical file before the initial examination. The x-ray report indicates a Hill-Sachs lesion at the right shoulder. This finding is associated with which of the following types of trauma?

In the following photo, the examiner is resisting the patient's forward flexion of the shoulder. What special test is being performed?

A physical therapist is performing a grade three mobilization to the distal femur in the posterior direction. Which of the following motions is the therapist trying to INCREASE?

A physical therapist is treating a patient with back pain and notices the patient has a limp. The therapist suspects that the leg lengths may be unequal. The physical therapist wants to assess the leg lengths for any anatomical discrepancies. Which of the following is the MOST accurate method to determine if there is a true leg-length discrepancy?

A manual laborer reports elbow pain. During the examination, the physical therapist performs a moving valgus stress test, which is negative. Knowing that the moving valgus stress test has 100% sensitivity, which of the following is the MOST appropriate interpretation of the test findings?

A patient presents to an outpatient physical therapy clinic near a ski mountain with shoulder pain after a skiing-related fall the day before. The patient fell onto the shoulder with the arm adducted at his side. Palpation revealed tenderness at the acromioclavicular joint and no step-off from the clavicle to the acromion process. There is also pain at the end ranges of shoulder range of motion and with horizontal adduction. The BEST initial intervention is to:

A patient reports difficulty in walking 6 weeks after undergoing right total hip arthroplasty (THA). Upon gait analysis, the physical therapist notices that the patient's left hip drops during weight-bearing on the right leg. The patient also notes that her hip muscles are easily fatigued upon prolonged walking. Based on this information, what would be the BEST intervention for the patient?

A physical therapist is assessing passive range of motion (PROM) of the right glenohumeral joint as shown in the picture. This picture was taken at the patient’s end range of motion. What is MOST likely limiting the range?

A physical therapist is treating a patient 3 weeks after right ACL reconstruction and partial medial menisectomy. PROM is 0-130. The patient also has had some pain and swelling. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate for quadriceps strengthening?

A physical therapist is examining a patient with shoulder pain. During shoulder elevation the therapist notes that the humeral head moves superiorly as the arm elevates. Which of the following options could be the reason for the movement of the humeral head in a superior direction?

A patient has deficits in thumb abduction due to capsular adhesions. Which mobilization is the MOST specific carpometacarpal joint technique to improve the patient’s range of motion?

A high-level baseball catcher has been rehabilitating from a grade 2 ACL sprain over the past 6 weeks. Objective testing reveals minimal swelling, normal quadriceps activation, full pain-free active range of motion. Which of the following is the BEST intervention to progress this patient’s function?

A patient reports pain in their right knee that started after a football game in which another player collided into the medial side of the patient’s right knee. Which of the following techniques or procedures is MOST appropriate for identifying the underlying problem?

In this picture, a physical therapist is measuring passive range of motion (PROM) of right shoulder internal rotation with a goniometer. What is the MOST accurate interpretation of this picture?

A patient stands with slight genu recurvatum on the right side. The therapist suspects a limitation in ankle mobility from an old fracture as the cause. Which of the following test results would confirm that suspicion?

A patient is refered to physical therapy following reports of anterior shoulder pain and instability. The patient is a pitcher for his school's baseball team. Upon evaluation, the therapist finds that the patient's pain is present during the cocking phase of throwing. Which upper extremity special test will MOST likely be positive?

A swimmer attends physical therapy for shoulder pain. The objective exam revealed passive ROM is WNL, and all resisted tests are weak and pain-free. There was also gross multidirectional hypermobility and a positive sulcus sign at the glenohumeral joint. Which intervention would BEST target the patient’s limitations on the first visit?

A patient with right shoulder pain has a prominent inferior angle of the scapula upon observation. During active range of motion, that same scapula also demonstrates winging on return from elevation. Which of the following are the BEST interventions for the physical therapist to perform to help this patient's restrictions?

A physical therapist is examining a patient's feet. The therapist has the patient sit in a chair with both feet on the floor and measures the height of the navicular tuberosity from the floor. Both feet begin at 3 inches off the floor. The therapist then has the patient stand up and again measures the height of the navicular tuberosity from the floor. The navicular height does not change on the right. The navicular height is now .5 inches  lower on the left. How should the therapist interpret this information?

An individual presents to the clinic with a history of repeated lateral ankle sprains. The most recent sprain was 3 weeks ago. During the examination, the physical therapist places the patient in prone position and places the foot in a position of subtalar neutral. The physical therapist is performing this test on the patient to:

A patient with low back pain is being examined by a physical therapist. The therapist notices that each time the patient extends the right hip during gait the patient's back goes into a lordosis. The therapist suspects tight musculature. Which of the following tests would BEST identify the tight muscle(s)?

A patient reported hip pain after helping a friend move to a new house. The  physical therapist notes tenderness in the area of the greater trochanter. Based on this information alone, besides the trochanteric bursa, which of the following structures could be the source of the pain?