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Unit 2 Review - Carbon

Total questions: 52

Worksheet time: 4hrs 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Carbon dioxide diffuses into sea water. The water and carbon dioxide combine to form...

a)

calcium carbonate CaCO3CaCO_3

b)

carbon monoxide CO−CO^-

c)

carbonic acid  H2CO3H_2CO_3

d)

glucose

C6H12O6C_6H_{12}O_6

2.

Marine organisms make their shells by combining calcium ions and

a)

chloride ions

Cl−Cl^-

b)

carbonate ions CO3−2CO_3^{-2}

c)

seawater H2O + saltsH_2O\ +\ salts

d)

hydrogen ions

H+H^+

3.
Which of the following are greenhouse gases?
a)
Carbon dioxide
b)
Methane
c)

Water vapor

d)

Nitric oxide

e)

All answers are correct

4.

This image demonstrates that

a)

There is a direct correlation with the atmospheric CO2 and the CO2 in seawater

b)

That pH of the ocean increases as the atmospheric CO2 increases

c)

That there is no correlation between pH of the ocean and atmospheric CO2

5.
As the ocean becomes more acidic, the pH of the water
a)
increases
b)
decreases
c)

does not change

6.

Which is carbonate?

a)

HCO3−HCO_3^-

b)

H2CO3H_2CO_3

c)

CO3−2CO_3^{-2}

d)

CaCO3CaCO_3

7.

CO2+H2O → ?CO_2+H_2O\ \rightarrow\ ?

a)

H2CO3H_2CO_3

b)

CO3−CO_3^-

c)

CaCO3CaCO_3

d)

HCO3−HCO_3^-

8.

Which statement accurately describes what this graph shows?

a)

As pH decreases, CO32- (carbonate) is less concentrated

b)

As pH increases, CO32- (carbonate) is less concentrated

c)

At pH 6-9, HCO3- is at a low concentration

d)

There is no correlation between carbonate ion concentration & pH

9.

pH is an indicator of

a)

H+ concentration

b)

acidity

c)

temperature

d)

knowledge

10.

CaCO3 _____ at a lower pH (image is results of an experiment placing the calcium carbonate shells of pterapods in seawater with a pH of 7.8, the projected ocean pH for the year 2100 under current rates of acidification)

a)

dissolves

b)

explodes

c)

increases

d)

is easier to obtain

11.

H2CO3 <->

a)

H2CO3

b)

HCO3- + H+

c)

CO32-

d)

CaCO3

12.

HCO3- <->

a)

H2CO3

b)

HCO3- + H+

c)

CO32- + H+

d)

CaCO3

13.


What are the two ions calcifiers need to create their shells?

a)

HCO3-

b)

H+

c)

CO32-

d)

Ca+2Ca^{+2}

e)

Cl−Cl^-

14.

Which human activities contribute most to ocean acidification... (hint: think about what the chemical process of ocean acidification starts with

a)

pollution from ships being dumped into the water

b)

combustion of fossil fuels

c)
dumping of waste from cities into the ocean
d)

deforestation

e)

creating large amounts of cement

15.

A pH of 3 is how much more acidic than a pH of 6?

a)

10

b)

30

c)

300

d)

1000

16.

A pH of 13 is how much more basic than a pH of 5?

a)

100,000

b)

1,000,000

c)

10,000,000

d)

100,000,000

17.

A(n) ______ is a substance with a pH less than 7.

a)
Acid
b)
Alkaline
c)
Base
d)
Buffer
18.
The pH scale is a range from:
a)
1-7
b)
0-14
c)
1-5
d)
1-20
19.
A(n) _______ is a substance with a pH greater than 7.
a)
Base
b)
Acid
c)
Buffer
d)
Water
20.

A base is a substance...

a)

That releases OH- ions when dissolved in water

b)

That releases H+ ions when dissolved in water

c)

Does not release any ions when dissolved in water

d)

None of the above

21.

Pure water has a neutral pH because...

a)

it has more H+ ions than OH-

b)

it has more OH- ions than H+

c)

it does not produce any ions

d)

it has an equal amount of H+ and OH- in solution

22.

What do some marine creatures do with the carbonate ion?

a)

use it as a food source

b)

use it as a defense mechanism

c)

use it to build shells and exoskeletons

d)

use it to cool body temperatures

23.

How would Earth be different without greenhouse gases in its atmosphere?

a)

More heat from solar radiation would escape into space

b)

More solar radiation would be reflected back into space

c)

More solar radiation would penetrate the Earth's crust

d)

More heat from solar radiation would be stored in Earth's crust

24.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide absorbs and re-radiates...

a)

all out going Infra Red radiation

b)

all IR radiation at certain wavelengths

c)

about half of the IR radiation at certain wavlengths

25.

What type of radiation do greenhouse gases absorb and reemit?

a)

Ultraviolet

b)

Visible

c)

Infrared

d)

Microwave

26.

If Earth's albedo increases...

a)

More solar energy entering the Earth system will be transformed into and trapped as infrared radiation (thermal energy)

b)

Less solar energy entering the Earth system will be transformed into and trapped as infrared radiation (thermal energy)

c)

The same amount solar energy entering the Earth system will be transformed into and trapped as infrared radiation (thermal energy)

d)

More infrared radiation will enter the Earth system and be transformed into visible light

27.

Which source, wavelength, and type of radiation is correctly matched?

a)

Sun, long-wave, visible

b)

Earth, short-wave, visible

c)

Sun, short-wave, infrared

d)

Earth, long-wave, infrared

28.

As wavelength of electromagnetic radiation decreases...

a)

Energy of the wave does not change

b)

Energy of the wave decreases

c)

Energy of the wave increases

d)

The photons which are traveling in the wave are destroyed

29.

Which of the following would cause carbon to move into the atmosphere

a)

Decomposition

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Respiration

d)

Combustion

e)

Ocean Acidification

30.

Process by which a substance moves from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. This process drives the (current) average movement of CO2 from the atmosphere into the ocean...

a)

Effusion

b)

Flux

c)

Diffusion

d)

Ocean Acidification

31.

Process by which carbon is stored underneath the ocean through the remains of dead sea creatures (plankton and other organisms) layering over time

a)

Exchange

b)

Sedimentation

c)

Erosion

d)

Uplift

e)

Dissolution

32.

Rank the following carbon sinks by their size of carbon storage...

a)

Oceans > forests > soil

b)

Soil > Oceans > Forests

c)

Forests > Oceans > Soil

d)

Oceans > Soil > Forests

33.

Which of the following are not greenhouse gasses?

a)

O2

b)

H20

c)

N2

d)

CH4

e)

N2O

34.

For a forest, which data would indicate that the amount of carbon dioxide being sequestered through photosynthesis was less than the amount of carbon dioxide being released through respiration + decomposition

a)

a negative net ecosystem exchange

b)

a positive net ecosystem exchange

c)

a neutral net ecosystem exchange

35.

Why doesn't all incoming solar radiation entering the Earth system get transformed to infrared?

a)

Some incoming light is reflected by clouds

b)

Some incoming light is scattered in the atmosphere and moves back out to space

c)

Some visible light is reflected off the ground and moves back into space.

d)

Some visible light moves right through the atmosphere and back out into space

e)

Some incoming visible light is destroyed in the upper atmosphere

36.
What is the correct equation for photosynthesis?
a)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O
b)

6H2O + 6CO2 + 6O2 --> C6H12O6  + 6CO2

c)
 6CO2 + 6O2 --> 6H2O + C6H12O6
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O  -->  6O2 + C6H12O6
37.

What are the reactants for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O  -->  6O2 + C6H12O6

a)

C6H12O6 + 6H2O

b)

 6CO2 + 6O2 

c)

6O2 + C6H12O6

d)

6CO2 + 6H2O

38.

What are the products of photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O  -->  6O2 + C6H12O6

a)

C6H12O6 + 6H2O

b)

 6CO2 + 6O2 

c)

6O2 + C6H12O6

d)

6CO2 + 6H2O

39.
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a)

6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

b)

6O2 + C6H12O6 + ATP -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

c)

6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + ATP

d)

6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP -> 6O2 + C6H12O6

40.

What are the reactants for cellular respiration?

6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

a)

6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

b)

6O2 + C6H12O6 + 6H2O

c)

6O2 + C6H12O6

d)

6CO2 + 6O2

41.

What are the products for cellular respiration?

6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

a)

6O2 + 6H2O + ATP

b)

6O2 + C6H12O6 + 6H2O

c)

6CO2 + C6H12O6

d)

6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

42.

What is the relationship between soil temperature and soil respiration?

a)

As soil temperature increases, respiration decreases

b)

As soil temperature increases, soil respiration increases

c)

As soil temperature increases, soil respiration remains constant

d)

There is no correlation / relationship between soil temperature and soil respiration

43.

The circulation of the element Carbon among Earth's atmosphere, land, oceans, and organisms is called _____________.

a)

the Carbon Cycle

b)

the Oxygen Cycle

c)

the Carbon dioxide Cycle

d)

the Water Cycle

44.

Carbon diffuses from the atmosphere into the ocean and from the ocean into the atmosphere...

a)

Uplifty

b)

Extraction

c)

Exchange

d)

Combustion

e)

Weathering

45.

Process that brings sedimentary rocks up to the surface of earth where they can be weathered.

a)

Uplift

b)

Sedimentation

c)

Extraction

d)

Combustion

e)

Calcification

46.

The process by which carbon rich material is covered by layers of sediments over time.

a)

Calcification

b)

Decomposition

c)

Extraction

d)

Burial

e)

Erosion

47.

The process by which humans remove fossil fuels from the geosphere.

a)

Burial

b)

Extraction

c)

Uplift

d)

Calcification

e)

Erosion

48.

Which of the following processes can remove carbon from the atmosphere?

a)

Respiration

b)

Chemical weathering of Rocks

c)

Decomposition

d)

Photosynthesis

e)

Exchange

49.

In the ocean acidification lab, the vinegar (acetic acid) represented what substance which is currently increasing in our oceans? What did the calcium carbonate rock chunk represent?

a)

Calcium acetate; ocean rocks

b)

Carbon dioxide; shells and skeletons and hard parts of marine organisms

c)

Carbonic Acid; shells and skeletons and hard parts of marine organisms

d)

Free hydroxide ions; ocean rocks

50.

In 1982 an environmental scientist measured the atmospheric concentration of CFCs, a very powerful greenhouse gas to be 10 ppb (parts per billion). In 2023, they again measured the concentration and recorded a value of 4 ppb. Calculate a rate of change to describe how levels of CFCs have shifted since 1982.

a)

+0.15 ppb / year

b)

+6.83 ppb / year

c)

-6.83 ppb / year

d)

-0.15 ppb / year

51.

Based on the graph, about how much greater has the growth rate of CO2 been from 2005 to 2020 compared to 1965 to 1980?

a)

2 ppm CO2 / year greater

b)

1 ppm CO2 / year greater

c)

0.5 ppm CO2 / year greater

d)

3 ppm CO2 / year greater.

52.

Which of the following correctly depicts rate of change

a)

ΔYΔX\frac{\Delta Y}{\Delta X}

b)

ΔXΔY\frac{\Delta X}{\Delta Y}

c)

X2 − X1Y2 − Y1\frac{X_2\ -\ X_1}{Y_2\ -\ Y_1}

d)

Y2 − Y1X2 − X1\frac{Y_2\ -\ Y_1}{X_2\ -\ X_1}

e)

YX\frac{Y}{X}

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