The best description of samsara as represented in the novel is the life we generally live filled with toil as well as satisfaction.

The river was used symbolically in the novel as a divider to two lives we are not meant to ever bridge.

Kamala no longer feels she needs to see the Buddha, Gotama, because she's sees an enlightened Buddha in Siddhartha.

The sounds of the the numerous voices in Siddhartha's life become what he hears as Om.

Vasudeva acts as a teacher in Siddhartha's life, filling him with the theories he needs to formulate his own philosophy.

When Vasudeva leaves, he likely moves on as a Buddha, where many more monks will come visit and learn from him.

When Govinda kisses Siddhartha's forehead, he sees the thousands of faces of people and animals in unity with Siddhartha as Buddha.

To be enthralled means to be filled with despair and disgust.

To have tenacity means to have persistent determination.

Siddhartha realizes that he cannot make his son stay with him and makes the decisions to let his son go to make his own path in life (for better or worse).

Siddhartha tells Govinda that enlightenment cannot be learned, but must be experienced. Knowledge can be communicated, but wisdom cannot be.

To be apt at something means to be mentally quick and resourceful.

If something is futile, produces many results or effects.

To toil at something means to work lazily at it.