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Benchmark 2 Review

Total questions: 198

Worksheet time: 3hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

DNA that is tightly coiled.

a)

chromatin

b)

chromosome

c)

histone

d)

centrosome

2.

alternate forms of a gene

a)

chromosome

b)

allele

c)

pure bred

d)

homozygous

3.

a genotype that contains different alleles.

a)

homozygous

b)

pure bred

c)

heterozygous

d)

phenotype

4.

the physical description of a trait.

a)

genotype

b)

allele

c)

genetics

d)

phenotype

5.

the study of heredity

a)

genetics

b)

Punnett Squares

c)

Probability

d)

Heredity

6.

stores and transmits genetic information

a)

RNA

b)

Proteins

c)

DNA

d)

tRNA

7.

the basic unit of structure and function in an organism

a)

cells

b)

tissue

c)

organ

d)

organ system

8.

the process by which a cell gets rid of wastes

a)

endocytosis

b)

pinocytosis

c)

phagocytosis

d)

exocytosis

9.

the cell is preparing to divide

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Interphase

10.

the rigid outer layer of the plant cell.

a)

cell membrane

b)

cell wall

c)

plasma membrane

d)

nuclear membrane

11.

considered the "father of genetics"

a)

Watson

b)

Crick

c)

Hooke

d)

Mendel

12.

RNA is produced during this process.

a)

Replication

b)

Transcription

c)

Translation

d)

Duplication

13.

also called a primary consumer

a)

plant

b)

carnivore

c)

autotroph

d)

herbivore

14.

lack a membrane bound nucleus and organelles

a)

fungi

b)

eukaryote

c)

prokaryote

d)

animals

15.

the division of the cell's cytoplasm

a)

Telophase

b)

Interphase

c)

Cytokinesis

d)

Anaphase

16.

the building blocks of nucleic acids

a)

amino acids

b)

proteins

c)

lipids

d)

nucleotides

17.

the concentration of solutes is higher outside the cell than inside.

a)

hypotonic

b)

hypertonic

c)

isotonic

d)

neutral

18.

make their own food.

a)

herbivores

b)

primary consumers

c)

secondary consumers

d)

primary producers

19.

the powerhouse of the cell; makes ATP.

a)

mitochondria

b)

ribosome

c)

nucleus

d)

golgi apparatus

20.

a cross involving only one trait.

a)

dihybrid

b)

trihybrid

c)

monohybrid

d)

genome

21.

consumes producers.

a)

carnivore

b)

secondary consumer

c)

tertiary consumer

d)

herbivore or primary consumer

22.

contain a membrane bound nucleus and organelles.

a)

bacteria

b)

prokaryote

c)

eubacteria

d)

eukaryote

23.

a cross involving two traits

a)

monohybrid

b)

dihybrid

c)

trihybrid

d)

genome

24.

examples include transfer, ribosomal, and messenger.

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

proteins

d)

amino acids

25.

the process of bringing materials into a cell

a)

exocytosis

b)

diffusion

c)

facilitated diffusion

d)

endocytosis

26.

secondary consumer

a)

herbivore

b)

plant

c)

autotroph

d)

carnivore

27.

the process by which plant cells take on water

a)

crenation

b)

turgor pressure

c)

cytolysis

d)

plasmolysis

28.

discovered the structure of DNA

a)

Hooke and Chargaff

b)

Watson and Franklin

c)

Watson and Crick

d)

Watson and Mendel

29.

the concentration of solutes is lower outside than inside the cell.

a)

hypotonic

b)

hypertonic

c)

isotonic

d)

neutral

30.

a "meat eater"

a)

herbivore

b)

autotroph

c)

plant

d)

carnivore

31.

the division of the cell's nucleus

a)

cytokinesis

b)

interphase

c)

mitosis

d)

telophase

32.

transfers amino acids to the ribosome.

a)

rRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

DNA

33.

makes proteins; located in the cytoplasm

a)

ribosomes

b)

lysosomes

c)

golgi bodies

d)

chloroplasts

34.

only 10% of energy is available to organisms at the next trophic level.

a)

Law of Independent Assortment

b)

Newton's First Law

c)

10% Energy Law

d)

Newton's Second Law

35.

states that adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine.

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

base pairing rules

d)

genomic rules

36.

location of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.

a)

nucleus

b)

nucleolus

c)

nucleoid

d)

ribosome

37.

an error in DNA replication can cause

a)

cancer

b)

mutations

c)

genetic variation

d)

all of the above

38.

controls what enters and exits the cell

a)

nuclear membrane

b)

cell wall

c)

plasma membrane

d)

nuclear envelope

39.

DNA coils tightly and forms chromosomes; nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear.

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

40.

a sequence of 3 nucleotides on a DNA strand.

a)

codon

b)

anticodon

c)

triplet

d)

tRNA

41.

modifies, packages, and directs proteins to various parts of the cell.

a)

ribosome

b)

smooth ER

c)

rough ER

d)

golgi apparatus

42.

the predator at the top of the food chain or food web.

a)

primary consumer

b)

secondary consumer

c)

tertiary consumer

d)

apex predator

43.

responsible for photosynthesis in the plant cell.

a)

chromoplasts

b)

chlorophyll

c)

chloroplasts

d)

central vacuole

44.

chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell.

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

45.

single stranded; contains the sugar ribose; contains the base uracil.

a)

DNA

b)

amino acids

c)

codons

d)

RNA

46.

eats both plants and animals

a)

carnivore

b)

herbivore

c)

decomposer

d)

omnivore

47.

the concentration of solutes is the same outside and inside the cell.

a)

hypotonic

b)

hypertonic

c)

isotonic

d)

acidic

48.

plants; organisms that can make their own food.

a)

heterotrophs

b)

autotrophs

c)

primary consumers

d)

secondary consumers

49.

stores water, enzymes and metabolic wastes.

a)

lysosomes

b)

smooth ER

c)

microtubules

d)

central vacuole

50.

the passing of traits from parents to offspring.

a)

genetics

b)

cytokinesis

c)

heredity

d)

S phase

51.

shows how energy moves through an ecosystem

a)

food chain

b)

trophic level

c)

trophic net

d)

food web

52.

makes ribosomes

a)

nucleolus

b)

nucleus

c)

smooth ER

d)

rough ER

53.

sequence of 3 nucleotides on the mRNA strand that correspond to a particular amino acid.

a)

triplet

b)

anticodon

c)

codon

d)

ribosomal RNA

54.

the movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

a)

active transport

b)

diffusion

c)

endocytosis

d)

exocytosis

55.

consists of the soil, water, weather, and organisms living in a particular area.

a)

niche

b)

trophic level

c)

community

d)

ecosystem or biome

56.

the movement of molecules through protein doorways in the cell membrane.

a)

osmosis

b)

diffusion

c)

facilitated diffusion

d)

osmotic solutions

57.

chromosomes separate at the centromere and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell.

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

58.

plants or autotrophs

a)

primary producers

b)

primary consumers

c)

secondary consumers

d)

tertiary consumers

59.

movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

a)

diffusion

b)

active transport

c)

osmosis

d)

phagocytosis

60.

the process by which a plant cell loses water.

a)

Crenation

b)

Cytolysis

c)

Turgor pressure

d)

Plasmolysis

61.
Proteins are made of monomers called ___________
a)
Nucleotides
b)
Monosaccharides
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Glycerol and fatty acids
62.
DNA and RNA are examples of 
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
63.
Nucleotides are monomers of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
64.
Monosaccharides are monomers of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
65.
Waxes, oils and fats are examples of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
66.
What is the function of nucleic acids?
a)
store genetic information
b)
store energy (long-term)
c)
store energy (short-term)
d)
build skin, hair, nails, muscles
67.
Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
lipids
c)
nucleic acids
d)
proteins
68.
Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane?
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
69.
All polymers are made up of...
a)
monosaccharides
b)
monomers
c)
proteins
d)
None of these
70.
Lipids can be digested into what smaller subunits?
a)
nucleic acids
b)
amino acids
c)
fatty acids
d)
glucose
71.
What are the monomers of DNA?
a)
glycerols
b)
amino acids
c)
fatty acids
d)
nucleotides
72.

Enzymes belong to which class of macromolecules?

a)

lipids

b)

carbohydrates

c)

proteins

d)

nucleic acids

73.

DNA belongs to which class of macromolecules?

a)

proteins

b)

nucleic acids

c)

carbohydrates

d)

lipids

74.

Sugar belongs to which class of macromolecules?

a)

proteins

b)

lipids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

carbohydrates

75.

Which macromolecule is shown?

a)

lipid

b)

protein

c)

nucleic acid

d)

carbohydrate

76.
Is found in the cell membrane as a bilayer. 
a)
lipids
b)
protein
c)
nucleic acid
d)
carbohydrate
77.
What type of macromolecule is being represented in this image? 
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
78.
Which major macromolecule is being represented in this image? 
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
79.

Which organelle controls what goes in and out of the cell?

a)

nucleus

b)

nucleolus

c)

cell membrane

d)

nuclear membrane

80.

This organelle digests dead cell parts and contains enzymes

a)

lysosome

b)

golgi body

c)

smooth ER

d)

Rough ER

81.

What organelle is represented by this image?

a)

rough endoplasmic reticulum

b)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c)

ribosome

d)

nucleus

82.

The jelly-like material inside the cell

a)

ribosomes

b)

lysosome

c)

granum

d)

cytoplasm

83.

Which organelle contains DNA and controls the cell?

a)

Cell membrane

b)

nucleus

c)

nucleolus

d)

lysosme

84.

What function does this organelle carry out in the cell?

a)

detoxification

b)

packaging materials for release from the cell

c)

breaking down old cellular components

d)

storing genetic material

85.

Proteins are produced at this organelle.

a)

golgi body

b)

ribosome

c)

cytoskeleton

d)

cilia

86.

This organelle makes useable energy for the cell

a)

chloroplast

b)

mitochondria

c)

ribosome

d)

nucleolus

87.

What is the function of this organelle?

a)

modify and build proteins

b)

break down proteins

c)

make lipids for the membrane

d)

store extra material, like water and food

88.

This organelle produces the microtubules used during cell division.

a)

lysosome

b)

centriole

c)

cytoplasm

d)

ribosome

89.

In _______ cells, the vacuole is large and located in the center of the cell.

a)

plant

b)

animal

c)

both plant and animal

d)

all

90.

Which of the images below represents a chloroplast?

a)
b)
c)
d)
91.

Ribosomes are produced here

a)

nucleus

b)

nuclear membrane

c)

nucleolus

d)

chromosomes

92.

This structure provides protection to plant cells and is made of cellulose.

a)

chloroplast

b)

cell membrane

c)

cell wall

d)

cytoplasm

93.

Which organelle is this?

a)

Golgi Apparatus

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Nucleus

d)

Chloroplast

94.

Which organelle is only found in animal cells?

a)

cytoplasm

b)

vacuole

c)

centriole

d)

ribosome

95.

This organelle makes lipids for the cell.

a)

Rough ER

b)

Smooth ER

c)

Golgi body

d)

nucleus

96.

What organelle does this image represent?

a)

Golgi Apparatus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Chloroplast

97.

Which 2 organelles are involved in the making of a protein?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Lysosome

c)

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

d)

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

98.

Which of the following organelles is found only in a plant cell?

a)

mitochondria

b)

chloroplast

c)

centrioles

d)

vacuole

99.

What is the definition of OSMOSIS?

a)

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

b)

Molecular structure that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell

c)

Movement of molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient

d)

Movement of molecules across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration

100.

What is the definition of LIPID BILAYER?

a)

Molecular structure that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell

b)

Movement of molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient

c)

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

d)

Movement of molecules across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration

101.

What is the definition of ACTIVE TRANSPORT?

a)

Movement of molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient

b)

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

c)

Molecular structure that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell

d)

Movement of molecules across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration

102.

Identify the following structure

a)

Phospholipid

b)

Cell

c)

Cell membrane

d)

Protein

103.

What is the name of 'A' found on the structure below

a)

Lipid Bilayer (cell membrane)

b)

Protein

c)

Phosphate hydrophilic heads

d)

Lipid hydrophobic tails

104.

What is the name of 'B' found on the structure below

a)

Protein

b)

Lipic bilayer

c)

Phosphate hydrophilic heads

d)

Lipid hydrophobic heads

105.

What is the name of 'C' found on the structure below

a)

Phosphate hydrophilic heads

b)

Lipid hydrophobic tails

c)

Lipid bilayer

d)

protein

106.

What is the name of 'D' found on the structure below

a)

Lipid hydrophobic tails

b)

Protein

c)

Lipid bi layer

d)

Phosphate hydrophilic heads

107.

Which answer correctly describes the lipid bilayer?

a)

lipids are hydrophobic; phosphates are hydrophobic

b)

lipids are hydrophilic; phosphates are hydrophilic

c)

lipids are hydrophobic; phosphates are hydrophilic

d)

lipids are hydrophilic; phosphates are hydrophobic

108.

Why would the cell need energy to move molecules across the membrane?

a)

the molecule is going against the concentration gradient

b)

the molecule is to large to pass through the membrane

c)

the lipid membrane requires energy anytime something is moving across the membrane

109.

In passive diffusion, substances always move...

a)

from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

b)

from an area with more of the molecules to an area with fewer of the molecules

c)

from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

d)

from an area with fewer of the molecules to an area with more of the molecules

110.

What is the definition of FACILITATED DIFFUSION?

a)

Movement of molecules across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration

b)

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

c)

Movement of molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient

d)

Molecular structure that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell

111.

The following cells have been placed in different solutions.

Make a prediction of what will happen.


(check all that are correct)

a)

Isotonic-- the cell will maintain size

b)

hypotonic-- the cell will increase in size

c)

hypertonic-- the cell will decrease in size

112.

In 2007, a young mom in Sacramento died after participating in a water-drinking contest. The goal was outlast others and not use the restroom while the participants continued to drink 8 oz of water every 15 minutes. She did win the contest, but complained as she got home about pain. Later that day, she died.


Explain using the following words, what could have taken place at the cellular level.

Osmosis

CellMembrane

WaterSolute

Hyptertonic

Hypotonic

Solvent

Equilibrium or Homeostasis

4 lines
113.

In a Punnett square, a lower case letter stands for a ____________ allele.

a)

dominant

b)

recessive

c)

homozygous

d)

heterozygous

114.

Hair color, height, eye color and freckles are examples of human traits. What do we call the physical expression of the genetic material of an organism?

a)

genetics

b)

heredity

c)

genotype

d)

phenotype

115.

In animals, shaggy fur is dominant to short fur. The Punnett Square shows the genotypes of the offspring of a shaggy fur animal and a short fur animal. What were the genotypes of the parents?

a)

FF and FF

b)

Ff and ff

c)

ff and ff

d)

Ff and Ff

116.

In animals, shaggy fur is dominant to short fur. According to the genotypes shown, what percent of offspring will have short fur?

a)

0

b)

25

c)

50

d)

75

e)

100

117.
In a punnet square where are the parent alleles written?
a)
Top and inside the boxes
b)
Only on the left and right side of the boxes. 
c)
outside of the boxes (top and left side)
d)
All on the top side of the boxes
118.

Heterozygous is when...

a)

the alleles are the same.

b)

the alleles are different.

c)

the alleles are absent.

d)

the alleles are present.

119.

T = tall and t = short

In the punnett square shown, what belongs in the missing square

a)

tt

b)

Tt

c)

Bb

d)

TT

120.

In a heterozygous genotype, the ___________ allele takes over in the phenotype.

a)

recessive

b)

dominant

121.
Which of the following alleles is homozygous (purebred) recessive?
a)
Tt
b)
tt
c)
TT
d)
t
122.
G = green, g = yellow
The genotype for a yellow plant is...
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
d)
all of the choices result in yellow
123.

In plants, tall (T) is dominant to short (t). Perform the following cross: Tt x Tt. What is the probability of producing a short plant?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

124.

The genotypes AA and Aa always show up as the __________ phenotype.

a)

dominant

b)

recessive

125.
What ratio of the offspring from the cross shown will be homozygous recessive for the trait of tallness? 
a)
0 in 4
b)
1 in 4
c)
2 in 4
d)
4 in 4
126.

Which of the following genotypes is homozygous dominant?

a)

A

b)

Aa

c)

AA

d)

aa

127.

Which of the following genotypes is heterozygous?

a)

Bb

b)

BB

c)

bb

d)

B

128.

A recessive allele is represented by a ______ letter.

a)

lower-case

b)

capital

129.

A dominant allele is represented by a ______ letter.

a)

lower-case

b)

capital

130.

Blue-eyed is a ______.

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

131.

Bb is a ______.

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

132.

If a black guinea pig (BB) and a white guinea pig (bb) mate, there is a ______ chance that a white guinea pig will be born.

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

e)

100%

133.
What part of our cells holds our DNA?
a)
cytoplasm
b)
cell membrane
c)
nucleus
d)
ribosomes
134.
What has DNA?
a)
animals
b)
plants
c)
bacteria
d)
all of the above
135.
What does DNA stand for?
a)
Deoxyribonucleic acid
b)
Denitrogenous acid
c)
Deribonucleic acid
d)
Diribonucleic acid
136.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
137.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
138.
Which shows the correct complementary base pairing for DNA?
a)
C-A, T-G
b)
A-G, C-T
c)
C-G, U-A
d)
T-A, G-C
139.
What is the relationship between a protein, the cell, and DNA?
a)
DNA is produced by protein which is produced in the cell
b)
Protein is composed of DNA which is produced in the cell
c)
DNA controls the production of protein in the cell
d)
A cell is composed of DNA and protein
140.
The process of making RNA (i.e. mRNA) from DNA is called
a)
Replication
b)
Transcription
c)
Translation
d)
Protein synthesis
141.
The DNA sequence TACGAA would be transcribed to
a)
AUGCUU
b)
ATGCTT
c)
GCATCC
d)
GCAUCC
142.

Where does transcription take place?

a)

mitochondria

b)

ribosome

c)

nucleus

d)

cytoplasm

143.
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein is called a...
a)
Enzyme
b)
Mutation
c)
Gene
d)
Complimentary
144.
mRNA is important, because it __________.
a)
Carries info from genes to ribosomes
b)
Carries amino acids to ribosomes
c)
Helps with RNA splicing
d)
Makes up ribosomes
145.

Protein synthesis (Translation) is important because it __________.

a)

Converts mRNA into a protein

b)

Copies the genetic information in DNA

c)

Produces RNA from DNA molecules

d)

Recycles tRNA molecules for reuse

146.

Where does protein synthesis (translation) take place?

a)

in the nucleus

b)

in the cytoplasm on ribosomes

c)

in the chloroplasts

d)

in the mitochondria

147.

What is the term for a three nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid? For example: AUG

a)

Nitrogen base

b)

Codon

c)

Anticodon

d)

Phosphate group

148.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is important because it __________.
a)
Carries amino acids to the ribosome
b)
Carries ribosomes to the ER
c)
Carries glucose to mitochondria
d)
Carries mRNA out of the nucleus
149.
In RNA, Adenine bonds with __________.
a)
Uracil
b)
Thymine
c)
Guanine
d)
Cytosine
150.
Which 2 molecules forms the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose and adenine
b)
deoxyribose and a hydrogen bond
c)
sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate
151.
Which of the following bases is NOT found in RNA?
a)
Thymine
b)
Adenine
c)
Guanine
d)
Cytosine
152.
Which of the following is a correct difference between RNA and DNA?
a)
RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded
b)
RNA is double stranded and DNA is single stranded
c)
DNA uses Uracil and RNA uses Thymine
d)
RNA has deoxyribose and DNA has ribose
153.

Name this structure

a)

double helix

b)

nucleotide

c)

twisted ladder

d)

hydrogen bond

154.

Which of the following is correct?

a)

Proteins are made of nucleotides

b)

Nucleic acids are of amino acids

c)

Proteins are made of amino acids

155.

Mutations are

a)

changes in DNA

b)

changes in RNA

c)

changes in amino acids

d)

changes in tRNA

156.

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTACGCAAC. This is an example of ___ mutation.

a)

Base Substitution

b)

Base Insertion

c)

Base Deletion

157.

ATTTGAGCC- Original

ATTGAGCC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

a)

Insertion- Frameshift

b)

Substitution

c)

Deletion -Frameshift

158.
Which of the following are mutagens?
a)
UV radiation
b)
X-rays
c)
pollution
d)
all of the them
159.

Which of the following is true about mutations?

a)

Mutations are always harmful.

b)

Mutations are always helpful.

c)

Mutations can be helpful, harmful, or neutral.

d)

Mutations always have no effect on the protein.

160.
This scientist came up with the idea of natural selection.
a)
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
b)
Gregor Mendel
c)
Charles Darwin
d)
Thomas Malthus
161.
Inherited trait that helps an organism survive is a(n) __________.
a)
Fossil
b)
Adaptation
c)
Ancestor
d)
Natural selection
162.
Survival of the fittest or when favorable adaptations reproduce faster is called what?
a)
Evolution
b)
Adaptation
c)
Natural selection
d)
Fossilization
163.
Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry
a)
vestigial structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
fossil
164.
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
a)
the wings of a red-tailed hawk
b)
the hind limbs of a house cat
c)
the fins of sharks
d)
the tailbone of a human
165.
The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?
a)
Fossil A and C are the same age
b)
Fossil B is older than fossil C
c)
Fossils A is older than fossil B
d)
Fossil D is older than fossil C
166.

What do we call a change in a species over time?

a)

Adaptation

b)

Evolution

c)

Extinction

d)

Environmental influences

167.
Ostrich wings are examples of
a)
homologous structures
b)
vestigial structures
c)
adaptations
d)
traits
168.
Why do embryologist study embryos?
a)
to see if they are related
b)
to understand adaptations
c)
to determine the age
d)
to learn what parents are vestigial
169.
What is embryology?
a)
the age of organisms
b)
the oldest stage of development
c)
the life span of an organism
d)
the earliest growth stage of development
170.
The environment around Manchester, England, changed during the Industrial Revolution.  How did this change affect peppered moths living in the area?
a)
Natural selection favored moths with dark wings because predators could not see them on the soot-colored trees.
b)
Natural selection favored moths with white wings that were easy for predators to see.
c)
Natural selection favored moths with white wings because predators could not see them on the soot-colored trees.
d)
Natural selection caused moths with white wings to become extinct.
171.
When an organism completely dies out, it is called.....
a)
Adaption
b)
Extinction
c)
Fossilization
d)
Mutation
172.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
173.
Comparing human hemoglobin of chimpanzees, horses, kangaroos, and chickens, reveal that humans have the fewest amino acid differences with 
a)
Kangaroos
b)
Horses
c)
chickens
d)
chimpanzees
174.
All the individuals of a species that live in a particular area are called a
a)
variation
b)
population
c)
fossil
d)
group
175.
Which layer is oldest?
a)
A
b)
W
c)
G
d)
Z
176.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
177.
The structures shown are_________
a)
homologous
b)
heterologous
c)
analogous
d)
vestigial
178.
The disappearance of a species.
a)
Evolution
b)
Extinction
c)
Migration
d)
Mutation
179.
Who hypothesized that human populations are kept in check by war, famine, and disease?
a)
Darwin
b)
Hutton
c)
Malthus
d)
Lamarck
180.
Which of the following is an organism that eats only meat?
a)
herbivore
b)
carnivore
c)
omnivore
181.
Which of the following terms describes an area where an organism lives?
a)
community
b)
habitat
c)
area
182.
Which is represented by all of the bullfrogs living around a pond?
a)
community
b)
habitat
c)
population
183.
Which is an example of a parasitic relationship?
a)
a bee pollinates a flower
b)
a tapeworm takes nutrients from a dog
c)
an orchid lives in a tree but does not harm the tree
184.
In which type of relationship do both species benefit?
a)
parasitism
b)
mutualism
c)
commensalism
185.
Barnacles grow on whales.  Whales give the barnacles a place to live but the barnacles do not help or harm the whale.  Which type of relationship is this?
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitiesm
186.
An organism that needs to eat other organisms to obtain energy is known as a:
a)
Autotroph
b)
Producer
c)
Consumer
d)
Mutualist
187.
Consumer that eats plants
a)
heterotroph
b)
herbivore
c)
producer
d)
community
188.
What does a food web represent?
a)
All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a habitat.
b)
The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.
c)
A single pathway or energy flow between organisms. 
d)
How carnivores get their food. 
189.
Where an organism lives
a)
habitat
b)
niche 
c)
heterotrogh
d)
biosphere
190.
An illustration that uses arrows to show the MANY possible directions in which matter and energy can pass through the organisms in an ecosystem.
a)
Food chain
b)
Food web
c)
Energy Pyramid
d)
Succession Map
191.
The nonliving aspects of an ecosystem.
a)
Abiotic factors
b)
Biotic factors
192.
A collection of organisms that make up a community as well as all of the nonliving aspects of the environment.
a)
Population
b)
Community
c)
Habitat
d)
Ecosystem
193.
 plants that convert energy from the sun
a)
decomposer
b)
primary consumer
c)
secondary consumer
d)
producer
194.
Different populations living and interacting with each other in the same area
a)
Biome
b)
Ecosystem
c)
Community
d)
Niche
195.

What happens when different species try to occupy the same niche?

a)

The species compete with each other

b)

The species cooperate with each other

c)

The species coexist with each other

d)

All of the above

196.

What is a niche?

a)

The habitat that an organism lives in

b)

An organism’s “role” in an ecosystem

c)

A type of consumer

d)

The relationship between a producer and consumer

197.

The first organism in a food chain is ALWAYS a:

a)

producer

b)

consumer

c)

decomposer

d)

Any of the above

198.

What is biodiversity?

a)

The different ways species reproduce

b)

The degree of variation of life on Earth

c)

A way to describe similarities between different species

d)

The process of creating new species

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