Suburban Areas are found on the o_______(s) of urban areas, they are mainly h____(s), but have s______(s) that the population needs, such as s_____(s) and s___(s).

Rural Areas have lower p_________(s). The villages and towns are s_____ o__ and there are few s______(s).

(a)  

Urbanisation is an increase in the p_________ of people living in u____ areas compared with r____ areas.

The number of people living in an urban area increases as a country i___________(s). During the 18th & 19th century people m_______ from rural areas to urban areas where there was e_________ in the new f_______(s). This is when inner cities were developed of rows of t_______ housing was built for the workers.

(a)  

The large majority of URBAN AREAS in the UK are scattered around E______, mainly c______ - w______ regions with very few located on the c____.

There are very urban areas in W____, all located on the s____ coast.

In all four countries, each capital city has a large urban region surrounding it. However, B______ is the only urban area in Northern Ireland.

(a)  

Suburb - o_______ area of a city, which are c____ enough to the city/town centre to be accessible by commuters.

Commuter - someone who t_____(s) from their home to their place of w___.

Commute - The j______ someone makes to w___.

Counter-Urbanisation - the m_______ of people out of c____(s) and into the surrounding areas.

Reurbanisation - where towns/cities r______ the d______ of population and begin to g___ again by redevelopment and government investment

Infill-Part of Redevelopment - using v_____ land in an urban area to build a n__ d__________ or housing

(a)  

4 Main reasons of Counter-Urbanisation since the 1950's are: -

1) Increase in c__ o________. This means people are more m_____, leading to an increase in c________. Also, the growth in IT means more people are w______ from h___.

2) Urban areas are becoming increasingly u_________ places to live. This is a result of p________, c____ and traffic congestion.

3) More people tend to move when they r_____ into the s_____(s) & rural areas.

4) New b_______ parks on the edge of cities mean people no longer have to t_____ to the city centre.

(a)  

Most large cities/towns have a large commuter population. This saves money as h______ is cheaper away from large cities. This means towns and villages g___ in size, but have no a__________ as people work away, which has an e_______ impact as they are spending their money elsewhere, which has a s_____ impact on villages. This can change the a__ structure of a villages and a loss of village t________(s).

(a)  

CYCLE of URBAN DECLINE...

• ---> People (young people) l____ for more o_________ in urban areas

• ---> Employers find it d________ to recruit l_____

• ---> Less i_________ happens and b________(s) shut

• ---> Less m____, less e_________ and few people to shop leading to s______ d______

• ---> People notice the d______ and lower the q______ of life

GREENFIELD SITES...

Land that has never been b____ on, this is usually f_______, w_______(s), playing fields or urban p___(s).

New house building on greenfield sites maybe o______ by local people who are concerned that the new houses will s____ the r____ character of the local community.

There are often protests about local planning issues. These are call NIMBY N__ I_ M_ B___ Y___.

(a)  

BROWNFIELD SITES...

Land that has d______ buildings, they are often near the m_____ of towns/cities, so if new homes were to be built, residents would be close to s___(s), s______(s) and jobs.

This would create s__________ communities as these sites already have i____________ in place.

However, previous land use could leave the area p_______, which is expensive to clean up.

(a)  

Regional Inequalities...

UK has a north/south divides - south is perceived as r_____ than the north

Many people chose to live near large towns/cities as they feel they are more likely to find w___.

Perceived q______ of l___ in Scotland is worse than in England. Life expectancy in Scotland for females is ____ years and in England it is ____.

Unemployment is much ______ in the North of England from where industries were closed down.

(a)  

North / South Divide...

Many businesses choose to set up in the _____. This creates a large w_____ divide and those living in the _____ can experience lower incomes, higher u___________ and a lower s_______ of l_____ than those living in the _____.

(a)  

KEY WORDS...

Migration - The m_______ of people from one p____ to another

National Migration - The movement of people within a c______

International Migration - The movement of people from one c______ to another

Economic Migration - Someone who leaves home to look for a better ___ or better o___________(s)

Refugee - Someone who is f_____ to leave their home as their life would be t_________ if they stayed

Illegal Migrant - Someone who migrates, despite no having o_______ p_________ or documentation

Immigrant - Someone who a_____(s) in a new country

Emigrant - Someone who m___(s) to another country

(a)  

Multicultural Societies are ones who a____ and v____ other cultures, but also allow theses cultures to have their own stories, traditions, etc...

Pro's - new j__(s) and m____ (growing economy and services)

Increase in p_________(s) - more children = more workers

Con's - people with different cultures may feel i_______ and not part of mainstream s______

People in clusters may increase r_____ in certain areas as it is more visible

(a)  

Sustainable Communities...

A community that manages its r_______(s), so that needs of current residents are m__ whilst ensuring enough r_______(s) are saved for future residents.

Resources include e______, environment and its p_____.

(a)  

CASE STUDY CAMBOURNE...

Location - E___ A_____

Population - ___,___

A new settlement in C____________, England in the district of South Cambridgeshire. It has C________ to the East and St N___(s) and B______ to the west.

It comprises of 3 villages called G____ C________, L____ C________ and U____ C________.

(a)  

Why does Cambridge need more Settlements?

Cambridge Science Park is the l______ science park in the UK and employs a large number of people. it is _km outside of Cambridge.

Addenbrooks Hospital in Cambridge is one of the most important hospitals for r_______ in the world. It is the biggest e_______ in the country.

Both of these mean the p_________(s) in Cambridge has rapidly increased, leading to a demand for new settlements.

SOLUTIONS...

Improve e_______ c_________(s)

Create new s__________ communities (including t________)

(a)  

The guided busway...

-L______ in the world

-_ years to build and cost £___ million

-Built on old r______ t____(s)

-Connects r____ parts of Cambridgeshire to c___ c_____(s)

(a)  

Urban Sustainable Living (BEDZED)...

• - P______ Housing

• - CARS -- r______ amount of s____(s), car club

• - S____ E_____ used

• - P_____________ Estates

• - W____ W____ Recycling

• Community --L______ Areas / P___(S) --A________(s)

Retail Catchments...

Retail catchment areas vary in s___ depending on the t___ of s___ and the g___(s) that it sells.

Small shops selling c__________ goods and services tend to have a s____ catchment area

Large supermarkets and shops selling c___________ goods or specialist goods have a l____ catchment area.

Types of Areas - Convenience Goods are l__ c___ items that are brought frequently

Comparison goods are more e________ that are brought l___ often

(a)  

Changing Pattern of Retail...

Range

Is the d_______ a consumer is willing to t_____ to buy a product

Low Cost items (bread, milk) consumer purchase from a shop that is c____ to h___ or w___

Consumers are prepared to travel some distance to shop for c_________ goods, where they might shop around.

A TV has a larger r____ than a loaf of bread

Threshold

Is the minimum population size to c_____ d_____ for an item/service. This depends on the v____ of the product and how often the item/service is p________.

(a)  

BLUEWATER...

_th Largest Shopping Centre, Employs over ____ people and attracts over __ million people annually.

It was placed in this location because it has good t________ l___(s) (M25, A2, M2), good l_____ force, space to e_____, b_________ site (cheaper) and it provides lots of j__(s) because it is a d______ populated area.

(a)  

KEY WORDS...

Recreation - Time we have when we aren't w______, taking care of ourselves or completing f_____ or h___ d____(s). FREE to REST!

Carrying Capacity - Ability of a l________ to a_____ the activity of people without lasting d_____

Honey Pot Sites - Location attracting l____ number of t______(s), who place p_______on the environment and local people

National Park - Area of land that is p________ by the g_________ because of its natural beauty/plants/animals

Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty - R____ area where there is lots of outstanding and beautiful places to see. Protected by l__

(a)  

National Park Aims...

C___________ - protecting wildlife (flora and fauna)

R_________ - providing a range of leisure activities

Local People - providing j__(s), affordable h______, h_____ and w______ for local people

(a)  

Lake District National Park...

L______ national park in England

__ main lakes (including Windermere)

____ million tourists a year

__% travel by car to visit

42,000 r_______(s)

Visitors spend £___ million per year

______ full time jobs and 35,000 s_______ jobs

Money from car parks/local taxes help councils to pay for local f________(s) for local people

Farmers use barns for h______ h___(s) and fields for campsites

Ambelside and Grassmere are towns that are h_______ s___(s)

(a)