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Unit 4 AP Psychology

Total questions: 54

Worksheet time: 27mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is "learning"?

a)

Any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice

b)

Believed psychology should be the scientific study of observable behavior & all learning occurs through interactions with the environment

c)

Forming an association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response, we learn to anticipate events

d)

Produces no effect until paired with an unconditioned stimulus

2.

What does a "behaviorist" beleive?

a)

The conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response

b)

A stimulus (UCS) is one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers an unconditioned response or reflex

c)

Believed psychology should be the scientific study of observable behavior & all learning occurs through interactions with the environment

d)

Forming an association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response, we learn to anticipate events

3.

Who is Ivan Pavlov?

a)
Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist.
b)
Ivan Pavlov was a renowned chef.
c)
Ivan Pavlov was a professional athlete.
d)
Ivan Pavlov was a famous painter.
4.

What is "classical conditioning"?

a)
Classical conditioning is a type of memory recall.
b)

Classical conditioning is a type of learning. We learn a response and we learn to anticipate.

c)
Classical conditioning is a type of punishment.
d)
Classical conditioning is a type of operant conditioning.
5.

What does "Neutral Stimulus" do?

a)
A neutral stimulus does not elicit any specific response or reaction.
b)
A neutral stimulus always leads to a negative reaction.
c)
A neutral stimulus only elicits a response in certain individuals.
d)
A neutral stimulus causes a strong emotional response.
6.

What is "unconditional stimulus"?

a)
A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any prior learning or conditioning.
b)
A stimulus that triggers a response in a different organism than the one it was intended for.
c)
A stimulus that only triggers a response in certain situations.
d)
A stimulus that requires prior learning or conditioning to trigger a response.
7.

What is ' Unconditioned Response"?

a)
A response that is conditioned and learned through prior experiences.
b)
An automatic and involuntary response to a stimulus that occurs naturally, without any prior conditioning or learning.
c)
A response that is only triggered by a specific type of stimulus.
d)
A response that is consciously controlled and intentional.
8.

What is "conditioned Stimulus"?

a)
A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that is not associated with any response.
b)
A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that triggers an unconditioned response.
c)
A conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with an unconditioned stimulus, triggers a conditioned response.
d)
A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that triggers a conditioned response without being associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
9.

What is a "conditioned response"?

a)
An involuntary response to a conditioned stimulus.
b)
A response that is not influenced by any external factors.
c)
A response that is only exhibited by animals.
d)
A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
10.

What is the "acquisition" in psychology?

a)
The acquisition in psychology refers to the process of purchasing goods or services.
b)
The acquisition in psychology refers to the process of inheriting traits or characteristics from parents.
c)
The acquisition in psychology refers to the process of gaining knowledge or skills through experience or learning.
d)
The acquisition in psychology refers to the process of losing knowledge or skills through forgetting.
11.

What is "higher order conditioning" in psychology?

a)
A type of classical conditioning where a conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus, creating a second conditioned stimulus that elicits the same response as the original conditioned stimulus.
b)
A type of operant conditioning where a behavior is reinforced with a punishment
c)
A type of classical conditioning where a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus
d)
A type of observational learning where a behavior is imitated without any reinforcement
12.

What is "extinction" in psychology?

a)
Gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response
b)
The process of unlearning a conditioned response
c)
The process of acquiring a new conditioned response
d)
Sudden strengthening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response
13.

What is "spontaneous recovery" in psychology?

a)
The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest or inactivity.
b)
The complete disappearance of a conditioned response after a period of rest or inactivity.
c)
The gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response.
d)
The transfer of a learned response to a different but similar stimulus.
14.

What is "stimulus generalization" in psychology?

a)
A phenomenon in psychology where a response that is learned in the presence of a particular stimulus occurs in the presence of completely unrelated stimuli.
b)
A phenomenon in psychology where a response that is learned in the presence of a particular stimulus also occurs in the presence of other similar stimuli.
c)
A phenomenon in psychology where a response that is learned in the presence of a particular stimulus occurs only in the presence of stimuli that are identical to the original stimulus.
d)
A phenomenon in psychology where a response that is learned in the presence of a particular stimulus only occurs in the presence of that specific stimulus.
15.

What is "stimulus discrimination" in psychology?

a)
The ability to differentiate between similar stimuli and respond differently to each of them.
b)
The inability to differentiate between similar stimuli and respond differently to each of them.
c)
The ability to differentiate between similar stimuli and respond in the same way to each of them.
d)
The ability to differentiate between similar stimuli and respond randomly to each of them.
16.

What was "Watson's "Little Albert" Experiment" in psychology?

a)
Watson's 'Little Albert' Experiment was a psychology experiment conducted by B.F. Skinner to study operant conditioning in humans.
b)
Watson's 'Little Albert' Experiment was a psychology experiment conducted by John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner in 1920 to demonstrate classical conditioning in humans.
c)
Watson's 'Little Albert' Experiment was a psychology experiment conducted by Sigmund Freud to study the effects of psychoanalysis on children.
d)
Watson's 'Little Albert' Experiment was a psychology experiment conducted by Carl Jung to explore the collective unconscious in children.
17.

What is "taste aversion"?

a)
Taste aversion is a condition caused by a deficiency in taste buds.
b)
Taste aversion is a learned response in which an individual develops a strong dislike or avoidance of a particular food or drink after experiencing an illness or negative reaction to it.
c)
Taste aversion is a genetic condition that causes individuals to have a heightened sense of taste.
d)
Taste aversion is a psychological disorder characterized by a complete loss of taste.
18.

What is "Edward Thorndikes's Law of Effect" in psychology?

a)
Edward Thorndike's Law of Effect states that behaviors that are followed by negative consequences are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors that are followed by positive consequences are less likely to be repeated.
b)
Edward Thorndike's Law of Effect states that behaviors that are followed by positive consequences are less likely to be repeated, while behaviors that are followed by negative consequences are more likely to be repeated.
c)
Edward Thorndike's Law of Effect states that behaviors that are followed by consequences have no impact on their likelihood of being repeated.
d)
Edward Thorndike's Law of Effect states that behaviors that are followed by positive consequences are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors that are followed by negative consequences are less likely to be repeated.
19.

Who is "B.F Skinner"?

a)
B.F. Skinner was a famous chef and restaurateur.
b)
B.F. Skinner was a professional athlete.
c)
B.F. Skinner was a renowned painter and sculptor.
d)
B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher.
20.

What is a "Skinner Box"?

a)
A tool used for gardening
b)
A device used in behavioral psychology to study animal behavior.
c)
A type of computer virus
d)
A type of musical instrument
21.

What is "operant conditioning" in pyschology?

a)
Operant conditioning is a learning process in psychology where behavior is strengthened or weakened by the consequences that follow it.
b)
Operant conditioning is a form of classical conditioning in psychology.
c)
Operant conditioning is a type of therapy used to treat mental disorders.
d)
Operant conditioning is a process of unconscious learning in psychology.
22.

What is "shaping" in psychology?

a)
Shaping is a technique used to diagnose mental disorders in psychology.
b)
Shaping is a behavioral technique in psychology where a behavior is gradually modified or shaped by reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behavior.
c)
Shaping is a technique used to suppress unwanted behaviors in psychology.
d)
Shaping is a technique used to induce hypnosis in psychology.
23.

What is "chaining" in psychology?

a)
The process of breaking down complex behaviors into smaller, more manageable steps that can be taught sequentially.
b)
The process of punishing a behavior to decrease its occurrence
c)
The process of linking two unrelated behaviors together
d)
The process of rewarding a behavior to increase its occurrence
24.

What is "Reinforcement Stimulus" in psychology?

a)
A reinforcement stimulus is a stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again in the future.
b)
A reinforcement stimulus is a stimulus that has a temporary effect on behavior but does not increase the likelihood of the behavior occurring again in the future.
c)
A reinforcement stimulus is a punishment that decreases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again in the future.
d)
A reinforcement stimulus is a neutral stimulus that has no effect on behavior.
25.

What is "Positive Reinforcement

a)
Positive reinforcement is a concept in psychology that involves providing punishments or penalties to discourage and weaken desired behaviors.
b)
Positive reinforcement is a concept in psychology that involves ignoring or neglecting undesired behaviors.
c)
Positive reinforcement is a concept in psychology that involves manipulating or controlling individuals to achieve desired behaviors.
d)
Positive reinforcement is a concept in psychology that involves providing rewards or incentives to encourage and strengthen desired behaviors.
26.

What is "Negative Reinforcement" in Psychology?

a)
Negative reinforcement is the strengthening of a behavior by the removal or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus.
b)
Negative reinforcement is the weakening of a behavior by the addition of a pleasant stimulus.
c)
Negative reinforcement is the strengthening of a behavior by the addition of an unpleasant stimulus.
d)
Negative reinforcement is the weakening of a behavior by the removal or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus.
27.

What is "Primary Reinforcement"?

a)

Occur naturally

b)
Reinforcement of secondary importance
c)
Tertiary reinforcement
d)
Secondary reinforcement
28.

What is "negative reinforcement" in psychology?

a)
Negative reinforcement is the strengthening of a behavior by the removal or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus.
b)
Negative reinforcement is the weakening of a behavior by the addition of a pleasant stimulus.
c)
Negative reinforcement is the strengthening of a behavior by the addition of an unpleasant stimulus.
d)
Negative reinforcement is the weakening of a behavior by the removal or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus.
29.

What are "secondary reinforcers" in psychology?

a)
Stimuli that are only effective in certain situations
b)
Stimuli that have no effect on behavior
c)
Stimuli that acquire their reinforcing power through their association with primary reinforcers or other secondary reinforcers.
d)
Stimuli that decrease the likelihood of a behavior
30.

What are "Token Reinforcers" in psychology?

a)
A type of punishment used in behavior modification
b)

symbols or tokens that can be exchanged for other reinforces

c)
A form of negative reinforcement
d)
A technique used to discourage unwanted behavior
31.

What is "punishment stimulus" in psychology?

a)
A punishment stimulus is a negative consequence or aversive stimulus used to decrease the likelihood of a behavior.
b)
A punishment stimulus is a type of reinforcement that strengthens a behavior.
c)
A punishment stimulus is a neutral stimulus that has no effect on behavior.
d)
A punishment stimulus is a positive consequence or rewarding stimulus used to increase the likelihood of a behavior.
32.

What is "positive punishment" in psychology?

a)
The application of an aversive stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.
b)
The removal of an aversive stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.
c)
The application of a pleasant stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.
d)
The application of an aversive stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.
33.

What is "negative punishment" in psychology?

a)
Strengthening a behavior by adding an undesirable stimulus as a consequence of the behavior.
b)
Weakening a behavior by adding a desirable stimulus as a consequence of the behavior.
c)
Strengthening a behavior by removing a desirable stimulus as a consequence of the behavior.
d)
Weakening a behavior by removing a desirable stimulus as a consequence of the behavior.
34.

What is the "Over-justification Effect" in psychology?

a)

Phenomenon in which being rewarded for doing something actually diminishes intrinsic motivation to perform that action

b)
A theory that suggests that people are more likely to attribute their successes to internal factors and their failures to external factors
c)
A cognitive bias that occurs when people justify their actions or beliefs based on their own personal experiences
d)
A phenomenon where people underestimate the impact of external rewards on their intrinsic motivation
35.

What are "Schedules of Reinforcement" in psychology?

a)

A pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced

b)
Methods used to punish behavior.
c)
Techniques for conditioning behavior.
d)
Strategies for shaping behavior.
36.

What is "Continuous Reinforcement" in psychology?

a)
A type of learning schedule where a behavior is reinforced randomly.
b)

Desired behavior is reinforced each and every time it occurs

c)
A type of learning schedule where a behavior is never reinforced.
d)
A type of learning schedule where a behavior is reinforced only sometimes.
37.

What is "Partial Reinforcement" in Psychology?

a)

Response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses

b)

Response is reinforced only after a specific number of responses

c)

The response is reinforced only part of the time

d)

The first response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed

38.

What is a "Fixed Response" in psychology?

a)

reinforced only after a specific number of responses

b)

a term used to describe a person's inability to adapt to new situations.

c)

refers to a type of therapy that aims to fix a person's response patterns.

d)

a technique used to manipulate people's responses in experiments.

39.

What is a "Variable-Ratio Schedule Response" in a psychological experiment?

a)

A response that is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses

b)
A response that is not relevant to the experiment being conducted.
c)
A response that is only given by certain participants in the experiment.
d)
A response that is always the same regardless of the situation or stimulus presented to the participant.
40.

What is a ratio?

a)
A ratio is a type of graph.
b)
A ratio is a qualitative relationship between two or more quantities.
c)
A ratio is a quantitative relationship between two or more quantities.
d)
A ratio is a measurement of time.
41.

What is an interval?

a)
An interval is a type of exercise routine.
b)
An interval is a range of values between two points.
c)
An interval is a type of musical composition.
d)
An interval is a measurement of time.
42.

What is a"Fixed-Ratio Schedule" in psychology?

a)
A fixed-ratio schedule in psychology is a type of reinforcement schedule where a behavior is reinforced after a specific amount of time.
b)
A fixed-ratio schedule in psychology is a type of reinforcement schedule where a behavior is reinforced randomly without any specific pattern.
c)
A fixed-ratio schedule in psychology is a type of punishment schedule where a behavior is discouraged after a specific number of responses.
d)
A fixed-ratio schedule in psychology is a type of reinforcement schedule where a behavior is reinforced after a specific number of responses.
43.

What is a "Variable-Ratio Schedule" in psychology?

a)
A variable-ratio schedule is a type of punishment schedule in psychology where a behavior is discouraged after an unpredictable number of responses.
b)
A variable-ratio schedule is a type of reinforcement schedule in psychology where a behavior is reinforced after a predictable number of responses.
c)
A variable-ratio schedule is a type of reinforcement schedule in psychology where a behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses.
d)
A variable-ratio schedule is a type of reinforcement schedule in psychology where a behavior is reinforced after a predictable amount of time.
44.

What is a "Fixed-Interval Schedule" in psychology?

a)
A reinforcement schedule where a behavior is reinforced after a random amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement.
b)
A reinforcement schedule where a behavior is reinforced after a fixed number of responses.
c)
A reinforcement schedule where a behavior is reinforced after a fixed amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement.
d)
A reinforcement schedule where a behavior is reinforced after a variable amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement.
45.

What is a "Variable-Interval Schedule" in psychology?

a)
A variable-interval schedule in psychology is a type of reinforcement schedule where a behavior is reinforced after a fixed amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement.
b)
A variable-interval schedule in psychology is a type of punishment schedule where a behavior is punished after an unpredictable amount of time has passed since the last punishment.
c)
A variable-interval schedule in psychology is a type of reinforcement schedule where a behavior is reinforced after a predictable amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement.
d)
A variable-interval schedule in psychology is a type of reinforcement schedule where a behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement.
46.

Que es "Observational Aprendiendo" en psychology?

a)

Observational learning is learning through watching others, retaining the information, and then later replicating the behaviors that were observed.

b)
Observational learning is a type of learning that occurs through observing the behavior of oneself.
c)
Observational learning is a type of learning that occurs through reading books.
d)
Observational learning is a type of learning that occurs through listening to music.
47.

What are "Mirror Nuerons" in psychology?

a)

Mirror neurons are Nervous system cells,

Mirror neurons “mirror” what is happening in the environment

b)
Mirror neurons are brain cells that are only activated when an individual performs an action.
c)
Mirror neurons are brain cells that are only activated when an individual observes someone else performing an action.
d)
Mirror neurons are brain cells that are not involved in any psychological processes.
48.

What was the "Albert Bandura & The Bodo Doll" experiment in psychology?

a)
The 'Albert Bandura & The Bodo Doll' experiment in psychology was a study conducted by Albert Bandura in 1961 to investigate the effects of observing aggressive behavior on adults' behavior.
b)
The 'Albert Bandura & The Bodo Doll' experiment in psychology was a study conducted by Bodo Doll in 1961 to investigate the effects of observing aggressive behavior on children's behavior.
c)
The 'Albert Bandura & The Bodo Doll' experiment in psychology was a study conducted by Albert Bandura in 1961 to investigate the effects of observing aggressive behavior on children's behavior.
d)
The 'Albert Bandura & The Bodo Doll' experiment in psychology was a study conducted by Albert Bandura in 1961 to investigate the effects of observing non-aggressive behavior on children's behavior.
49.

What is "Cognition in Conditioning" in psychology?

a)
Cognition in Conditioning refers to the sensory experiences that occur during the process of classical or operant conditioning in psychology.
b)
Cognition in Conditioning refers to the emotional reactions that occur during the process of classical or operant conditioning in psychology.
c)

Cognition in Conditioning Researchers once thought of conditioning as automatic and not involving much in the way of higher mental processes. However, now researchers believe that conditioning does involve some information processing

d)
Cognition in Conditioning refers to the physical responses that occur during the process of classical or operant conditioning in psychology.
50.

What is "Latent Learning" in psychology?

a)

Learning something but not show the behavior right away

b)
Learning that occurs through direct instruction and explicit rewards.
c)
Learning that occurs only through punishment or negative reinforcement.
d)
Learning that occurs only through observation and imitation.
51.

What is "Insight Learning (Wolfgang Kohler)" in psychology?

a)
Insight learning is a type of learning that occurs through repetition and practice.
b)
Insight learning is a type of learning that occurs through imitation of others.
c)

Insight learning is a sudden realization of the problem’s solution that “just came to you” “Light Bulb”

d)
Insight learning is a type of learning that occurs through trial and error.
52.

What is the "Premack Priniciple" in psychology?

a)
The Premack Principle is a theory that states that individuals are motivated to perform a less preferred activity in order to engage in a more preferred activity.
b)
The Premack Principle is a concept in psychology that suggests that reinforcement can be used to increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring.
c)
The Premack Principle is a term used to describe the idea that individuals are more likely to engage in a behavior if they have been rewarded for it in the past.
d)

The Premack principle is when a person will perform a less desirable activity in order to perform the more desirable activity as a consequence

53.

Who is Martin Seligman in psychology?

a)

He investigated dogs in a cage with a partially electrified floor, by pressing a lever to jump over the barrier to escape the shock

b)
Martin Seligman is a professional athlete who uses psychology to enhance performance.
c)
Martin Seligman is a chef who specializes in cooking psychology-themed dishes.
d)
Martin Seligman is a fictional character in a popular psychology book.
54.

What is "learned helplessness" in psychology?

a)

A mental state in which an organism continues to experience a painful, unpleasant, or aversive stimulus

b)

sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning, is a method of learning that uses rewards and punishment to modify behavior.

c)

a behavior that does not come naturally, but must be learned by the individual by pairing a neutral stimulus with a potent stimulus.

d)

a learning process focused more on involuntary behaviors, using associations with neutral stimuli to evoke a specific involuntary response.

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