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AP Bio Unit 2 Review

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 1hrs 11mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A sucrose solution in a beaker has a solute potential of -4 bars.  A cell with a solute potential of -2 bars is placed in the beaker.  What will be the direction for the net movement of water?
a)
into the cell
b)
out of the cell
c)
there will be no net movement
2.

During osmosis, water always moves from an area of ____ solute concentration to ____ solute concentration.

a)

high, high

b)

high, low

c)

low, low

d)

low, high

3.

Cells in the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This "tagging" of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track their location. Predict the most likely pathway of an enzyme secreted by pancreatic cells.

a)

ER -> lysosomes -> vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane

b)

Golgi apparatus -> ER -> lysosome -> cytoplasm

c)

Nucleus -> ER -> Golgi apparatus -> cytoplasm

d)

Rough ER -> Golgi -> secretory vesicle -> Plasma membrane

4.

what is osmoregulation?

a)

Control of water and salt in the body

b)

Control of blood pressure in the body

c)

Control of blood glucose in the body

5.

The diffusion of water through the cell membrane along its own concentration gradient is known as (a)   .

6.

What is the primary role of aquaporins?

a)

To transport water across the membrane.

b)

To change the state of water from gas to liquid.

c)

To pump water into the mitochondria for cellular respiration.

d)

To use water for hydrolytic purposes.

7.

Does water require aquaporins to move across a cell membrane?

a)

Yes, aquaporins are essential for the movement of water across a cell membrane.

b)

No, water can move across the cell membrane without aquaporins.

8.

Which substance would most easily pass through the cell membrane?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Glucose

c)

Sodium ions

d)

Water

9.

What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?

a)

ionic

b)

small and hydrophobic

c)

large polar

d)

large and hydrophobic

10.
Which of the following is the driving force for simple diffusion?
a)
Concentration gradient
b)
ATP hydrolysis
c)
ADP hydrolysis
d)
Phosphorylation
11.

Which of the following describes the endosymbiotic theory?

a)

A prokaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller prokaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell eukaryotic.

b)

A eukaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller prokaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell prokaryotic.

c)

A prokaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller eukaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell eukaryotic.

d)

A eukaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller eukaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell prokaryotic.

12.
Which of the following is major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?
a)
evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes.
b)
the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs.
c)
limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases
d)
the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
13.

Which of the following is one way that cells increase their surface area without increasing their size?

a)

Cells will often include perfectly spherical membranes.

b)

Cells will often include folds in their membranes.

c)

Cells will often include holes in their membranes.

d)

Cells will maximize their volume.

14.
In a hypothetical study, cells are placed in a solution of glucose in which the concentration of glucose is gradually increased. At first, the rate at which glucose enters the cells is found to increase as the concentration of the glucose solution is increased. But when the glucose concentration of the solution is increased above 10 M, the rate no longer increases. Which of the following is the likely mechanism for glucose transport into these cells?
a)
Facilitated diffusion via a carrier protein
b)
Facilitated diffusion via a channel protein
c)
Pinocytosis
d)
Tertiary active transport
15.

Which of the following is required for facilitated diffusion?

a)

ATP

b)

Concentration gradient

c)

Glycolipid

d)

Membrane Protein

16.

What ions do this protein carrier pump from low to high concentration?

a)

calcium and lithium

b)

nitrogen and sodium

c)

sodium and potassium

d)

potassium and calcium

17.

How does a carrier protein typically return to its original shape after undergoing a conformational change during the transport of substances across a biological membrane?

a)

The carrier protein spontaneously reverts to its original conformation without any external influences.

b)

ATP hydrolysis provides the energy required for the carrier protein to regain its original shape.

c)

Interaction with other proteins in the membrane promotes the carrier protein's return to its original state.

d)

The phosphate provided by ATP will detach causing the protein to return to its original state.

18.

What distinguishes a plant cell from an animal cell? (How do you tell them apart) Hint: There's 3 ways (Check all 3)

a)

Central Vacuole

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Ribosomes

e)

Chloroplasts

19.
If a hospital patient is mistakenly given an IV of pure water instead of a saline solution that is isotonic to blood, the patient’s red blood cells will
a)
shrink and collapse
b)
release water to the plasma along its concentration gradient
c)
absorb water from the plasma and eventually burst
d)
transport equal amounts of water across the cell membrane in both directions
20.

An experiment was set up to determine the movement of molecules through a dialysis-tubing bag into water. A dialysis-tubing bag containing 5% lactose and 5% fructose was placed in a beaker of distilled water, as illustrated. After four hours, fructose is detected in the distilled water outside of the dialysis-tubing bag, but lactose is not. What conclusions can be made about the movement of molecules in this experiment?

a)

  1. Fructose, being a monosaccharide, diffused through the dialysis bag into the distilled water. However, lactose, being a disaccharide, could not diffuse through the dialysis bag.

b)

  1. Fructose was homogenized by lactose, allowing the fructose to diffuse through the dialysis bag and into the distilled water. Lactose is not homogenized, so it could not pass through the dialysis bag.

c)

  1. Fructose and lactose are oppositely charged and separated out due to the force of repulsion.

d)

  1. Fructose diffused because of the pore specificity of the semipermeable membrane, not because of its concentration gradient.

21.

Calculate the water potential of a 1.0 M sucrose solution at 22⁰C under standard atmospheric conditions.

a)

24.51

b)

-24.51

c)

-49.03

d)

-22.69

22.

Calculate the water potential of a 0.6 M NaCl solution at 10⁰ C under standard atmospheric conditions

a)

47.03

b)

-47.03

c)

-14.11

d)

-28.22

23.

If the intracellular concentration is 1.0 M and extracellular concentration is 0.4M. Which direction does water flow?

a)

Both in and out (equilibrium)

b)

Into the cell

c)

Out of the cell

24.

Cellular eating, use pseudopod to engulf food

a)

Exocytosis

b)

Phagocytosis

c)

Pinocytosis

d)

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

25.

B is a ____.

a)

Peripheral protein

b)

Glycoprotein

c)

Glycolipid

d)

Cholesterol

26.

What is the function of carbohydrates on the membrane? (glycolipids and glycoproteins)

a)
Transport of nutrients
b)
Energy storage and production
c)
Cell recognition and signaling
d)
Cell division and growth
27.
What is the name for a molecule that has a polar head region and a hydrophobic tail region?
a)
Bihydrophicity
b)
Amphipathic
c)
Hydrophilic
d)
Dipolarity
28.

Which do BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes contain?

a)

nucleus

b)

mitochondria

c)

ribosomes

d)

cell wall

29.

Which cell type tends to be smaller?

a)

Prokaryote

b)

Eukaryote

c)

there is not a size difference

30.

Which of the following is found only in eukaryotic cells?

a)

nucleus

b)

DNA

c)

cell membrane

d)

ribosomes

31.

Assuming that the purple molecules are too large to pass through the membrane, what would happen to the water level as a result of osmosis?

a)

The water level would rise on the A side

b)

The water level would rise on the B side

c)

The water level would remain constant

d)

The water level would drop on the A side.

32.

If a cells Ψp\Psi p = 3 bars and its  Ψs\Psi s = -4.5 bars, what is the resulting  Ψ\Psi  ?

a)

-7.5

b)

7.5

c)

-1.5

d)

1.5

33.

Which of the following is a difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

a)

Smooth ER exists in a part of the cell near the cell membrane, while rough ER exists in a part of the cell near the nucleus.

b)

Smooth ER is not studded by ribosomes, while rough ER is studded by ribosomes.

c)

Smooth ER is meant to compartmentalize the cell, while rough ER detoxifies and synthesizes lipids.

d)

Smooth ER is made without the additional help of proteins, whereas rough ER is made with the help of special proteins called reticuloproteins.

34.

The theory of Endosymbiosis explains

a)

The origin of eukaryotes

b)

How bacteria live

c)

How species develop

d)

Why cells rely on one another

35.

What are the main structural and functional benefits of cell compartmentalization? (Select ALL correct answers.)

a)

increased surface area for more nutrient and wasted exchange

b)

decreased surface area for greater mobility

c)

membrane separated microenvironments for specialized biochemical reactions

d)

specialization of compartments leads to increased overall cell efficiency

36.

Compartmentalization means a cell

a)

has membrane bound organelles.

b)

is undivided.

c)

is simple.

d)

All of the above

37.

Which of the following are pieces of evidence that support the theory of endosymbiosis in mitochondria and chloroplasts? (Select ALL correct answers.)

a)

both organelles have their own DNA which is similar in structure to some modern day bacteria

b)

both organelles are more independent than other organelles

c)

both organelles have a double, not a single, membrane

d)

both organelles have a large surface area

e)

both organelles reproduce in a manner similar to modern day bacteria

38.

If a cells Ψp\Psi p = 3 bars and its  Ψs\Psi s = -4.5 bars, what is the resulting  Ψ\Psi  ?

a)

-7.5

b)

7.5

c)

-1.5

d)

1.5

39.

What is the Ψs\Psi s   of a 1.0M sugar solution at 22 °\degree C under standard atmospheric conditions?

a)

-24.5 bars

b)

24.5 bars

c)

-2.45

d)

2.45

40.

Which of the following organelles have highly folded membranes to increase efficiency?
(Select all that apply)

a)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

b)

Ribosome

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Vesicles

41.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

a)

Processes proteins and lipids

b)

Modifies proteins and lipids

c)

Packages proteins and lipids

d)

Creates proteins and lipids

42.

Match each organelle to the correct function

a)

Rough ER

1.

Protein synthesis and processing

b)

Smooth ER

2.

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

c)

Golgi Apparatus

3.

Modification and packaging of proteins

d)

Mitochondria

4.

Energy production

e)

Lysosome

5.

Digestion of waste materials

43.

Cell need a​ ​ (a)   surface area to volume ratio in order to ​ (b)   cell efficiency.

Choose from the below words
high
increase
low
stabilize
decrease
44.

Which of the following is least efficient?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

45.

The descriptions to the correct terms

a)

Nonpolar substances are

1.

hydrophobic

b)

Polar substances are

2.

hydrophilic

c)

When a substance has polar and nonpolar regions are

3.

amphipathic

46.

What is a channel protein?

a)
A channel protein is a type of enzyme that catalyzes chemical reactions in the cell.
b)
A channel protein is a membrane protein that allows specific substances to pass through the cell membrane.
c)
A channel protein is a carbohydrate that provides structural support to the cell membrane.
d)
A channel protein is a type of lipid that stores energy in cells.
47.

What is the primary difference between active and passive transport?

a)
Active transport uses energy; passive transport does not.
b)
Active transport moves substances down their concentration gradient; passive transport moves them against it.
c)
Passive transport requires energy; active transport does not.
d)
Active transport occurs only in plants; passive transport occurs in animals.
48.

Explain the difference between exocytosis and endocytosis.

a)
Exocytosis is a type of passive transport, while endocytosis is active transport.
b)
Exocytosis and endocytosis are both processes that only take materials out of the cell.
c)
Exocytosis brings materials into the cell, while endocytosis expels materials.
d)
Exocytosis expels materials from the cell, while endocytosis takes materials into the cell.
49.

What is membrane potential?

a)
Membrane potential is the fluidity of the cell membrane.
b)
Membrane potential is the electrical potential difference across a cell membrane.
c)
Membrane potential is the temperature difference across a cell membrane.
d)
Membrane potential refers to the size of the cell membrane.
50.

Which of the following impacts a cells membrane potential?

a)

Ion concentration gradients

b)
Nutrient absorption rates
c)
Cell size variations
d)
Temperature fluctuations
51.
A cell in an isotonic solution will
a)
swell
b)
shrink
c)
stay the same size
d)
impossible to tell
52.

You put a cell into a solution, the cell SWELLS. Is the solution hypotonic or hypertonic to the cell? 

a)

hypertonic

b)

hypotonic

c)

isotonic

d)

not enough information

53.
 An animal cell placed in a hypertonic (salty) solution will
a)
Stay the same
b)
Shrink- get smaller
c)
Swell- get bigger
54.
In the image, the water will move 
a)
into the cell.
b)
out of the cell.
c)
both in and out of the cell.
55.

If a cells Ψp\Psi p = 3 bars and its  Ψs\Psi s = -4.5 bars, what is the resulting  Ψ\Psi  ?

a)

-7.5

b)

7.5

c)

-1.5

d)

1.5

56.

What is the measure of how likely water is to move from one location to another?

a)

Water concentration

b)

Water potential

c)

Water pressure

d)

Water equilibrium

57.

What is the effect of solutes on a solution's overall water potential?

a)

Increases water potential

b)

Decreases water potential

c)

Has no effect on water potential

d)

Creates equilibrium

58.

Describe the movement of molecules going through the proteins in the illustration.

a)

Molecules are moving from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

b)

Molecules are moving from a lower concentration to a higher concentration.

c)

Molecules are moving from a higher concentration to a lower concentration and then from a lower to higher concentration.

d)

Molecules are moving from a lower concentration to a higher concentration and then from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

59.

Drag the labels to the appropriate area

a)

hydrophilic

b)

hydrophobic

1
2
1)
2)
60.
___________ strengthens and stabilizes the cell membrane.
a)
Carbohydrates 
b)
Proteins 
c)
Phospholipids 
d)
Cholesterol

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