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AP Stats Semester 1 Review

Total questions: 150

Worksheet time: 7hrs 39mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

An attribute that can take different values for different individuals.

a)

Variable

b)

Population

c)

Individual

d)

Statistics

2.

Which of the following is a categorical variable?

a)

GPA

b)

Pulse Rate

c)

Test Score

d)

Favorite Ice Cream

3.

A _______________ takes number values that are quantities.

a)

Categorical Variable

b)

Quantitative Variable

c)

Population

d)

Individual

4.

A ____________________ is a quantitative variable that takes on a fixed set of possible values with gaps between them.

a)

Discrete

b)

Continuous

c)

Population

d)

Statistic

5.

A quantitative variable that can take any value in an interval on the number line is a...

a)

Discrete Variable

b)

Continuous Variable

c)

Population

d)

Sample

6.

Jake wants to find out more about the vehicles that his classmates drive. He gets permission to go to the students parking lot and records some data. Later, he does some research on each model of car he found. Finally, Jake makes a spreadsheet that includes each car's license plate, model, number of cylinders, color, highway gas mileage, weight, and whether it has a navigation system.

The individuals in Jake's Study are...

a)

Jake's Classmates

b)

The Cars

c)

The Cars in the Student Parking Lot of Jake's School

d)

The Models of Cars

7.

Jake wants to find out more about the vehicles that his classmates drive. He gets permission to go to the students parking lot and records some data. Later, he does some research on each model of car he found. Finally, Jake makes a spreadsheet that includes each car's license plate design, model, number of cylinders, color, highway gas mileage, weight, and whether it has a navigation system.

How many quantitative variables is Jake measuring?

a)

3

b)

4

c)

2

d)

Unable to tell without the data

8.

Jake wants to find out more about the vehicles that his classmates drive. He gets permission to go to the students parking lot and records some data. Later, he does some research on each model of car he found. Finally, Jake makes a spreadsheet that includes each car's license plate design, model, number of cylinders, color, highway gas mileage, weight, and whether it has a navigation system.

How many categorical variables is Jake measuring?

a)

3

b)

4

c)

2

d)

Unable to tell without the data

9.

Jake wants to find out more about the vehicles that his classmates drive. He gets permission to go to the students parking lot and records some data. Later, he does some research on each model of car he found. Finally, Jake makes a spreadsheet that includes each car's license plate design, model, number of cylinders, color, highway gas mileage, weight, and whether it has a navigation system.

Is the variable "number of cylinders" discrete or continuous?

a)

Discrete

b)

Continuous

10.

Jake wants to find out more about the vehicles that his classmates drive. He gets permission to go to the students parking lot and records some data. Later, he does some research on each model of car he found. Finally, Jake makes a spreadsheet that includes each car's license plate design, model, number of cylinders, color, highway gas mileage, weight, and whether it has a navigation system.

Is the variable "weight" discrete or continuous?

a)

Discrete

b)

Continuous

11.

Which graphs could you use to represent categorical data? (Select all that apply).

a)

Bar Graph

b)

Histogram

c)

Pie Chart

d)

Box and Whisker Plot

12.

Which graphs could you use to represent quantitative data? (Select all that apply).

a)

Bar Graph

b)

Histogram

c)

Pie Chart

d)

Box and Whisker Plot

13.

Which of the following shoes the proportion or percent of individuals that have a certain value?

a)

Frequency Table

b)

Relative Frequency Table

14.
According to the table, what is the relative frequency of students ages 10 - 13 who eat breakfast?
a)
About 33%
b)
About 50%
c)
About 40%
d)
About 44%
15.

On Saturday, Bernardo gave his guinea pig 80 grams of food. The table shows the amount of each type of food he gave to the guinea pig.

Which segmented bar graph best represents the data?

a)
b)
c)
d)
16.

Which statement is true based on the segmented bar graph above?

a)

The number of kids with cell phones is about the same for ages 13-15 and 16-18

b)

About 75% of kids with cell phones are ages 13-15

c)

About 75% of kids age 13-15 have a cell phone

d)

320 kids were involved in this surve

17.

What is this graph?

a)

Segmented Bar graph

b)

Histogram

c)

Bar graph

d)

side-by-side bar graph

18.

A _________ shows each data value as a dot above its location on a number line.

a)

dot plot

b)

box and whisker plot

c)

histogram

d)

mosaic plot

19.

Type of Data arrangement

a)

Symmetrical

b)

Hairline

c)

Skewed Right

d)

Skewed Left

20.
What is the shape of the distribution?
a)
Skewed Left 
b)
Skewed Right
c)
Symmetric
d)
Bimodal
21.
What is the shape of the distribution?
a)
Skewed Left 
b)
Skewed Right
c)
Symmetric
d)
Bimodal
22.
Describe the data distribution shape of the graph.
a)
Skewed right
b)
Skewed left
c)
Uniform
d)
Symmetrical
23.
Which of the following best describes the shape of the distribution?
a)
SKEWED LEFT
b)
SKEWED RIGHT
c)
UNIFORM
d)
SYMMETRICAL
24.

What is the shape of the distribution?

a)

Skewed Left

b)

Skewed Right

c)

Symmetric

25.

What is the shape of the distribution?

a)

Skewed Left

b)

Skewed Right

c)

Symmetric

d)

Bimodal

26.
The prices at several different stores for a pair of shoes are shown below.
$78, $79, $81, $82, $83
Two days later, another store has the same shoes on sale for $65. How does the new price affect the data?
a)
Only the range was affected.
b)
The median increased, and the range increased.
c)
The mean increased, and the range increased.
d)
The mean decreased and the range increased.
27.
The data set below has an outlier of 42.
2, 5, 12, 15, 19, 4, 6, 11, 16, 18, 12, 12, 42
What effect does removing the outlier have on the distribution of the data?
a)
The mean will decrease
b)
The median will decrease
c)
The mean will increase
d)
The median will increase
28.

Which of the boxpots has the larger larger interquartile range?

a)

female

b)

male

c)

they're the same

d)

impossible to tell

29.

Which value(s) are outlier(s) for the age of male Oscar winners?

a)

80

b)

76

c)

60

d)

29

30.
A value that is much higher or much lower than the other values in a set of data.
a)
Outlier
b)
Box Plot
c)
Range
d)
Histogram
31.

When using IQR to find outliers, which formula will identify the lower limit?

a)

Q3 - 1.5(IQR)

b)

Q1 + 1.5(IQR)

c)

Q1 - 1.5(IQR)

d)

Q3 + 1.5(IQR)

32.
Use the 1.5 IQR rule to determine if there are any outliers for the following numbers:
84, 88, 72, 74, 98, 16, 94 
a)
Yes, 16 is an outlier.
b)
Yes, 33 is an outlier.
c)
Yes, 98 is an outlier.
d)
There are no numbers less than 39 or greater than 124, therefore there are no outliers.
33.

To adequately describe a distribution of quantitative data, you need to describe the...

a)

Shape, Center, Variability, and Outliers/Unusual Features

b)

Direction, Strength, Form, and Outliers/Unusual Features

c)

Only shape because we will not always be able to find the center

34.
In how many games did the team score more than 20 points?
a)
8
b)
7
c)
10
d)
9
35.
What is the mode of the scores?
a)
24
b)
14
c)
34
d)
30
36.
What is the median of the scores?
a)
21
b)
16
c)
17
d)
19
37.
What is the mode?
a)
88%
b)
89%
c)
97%
d)
91%
38.

How many students scored at least 4 points?

a)

0

b)

3

c)

8

d)

11

39.

How many cities have temperatures between 70 degrees and 99 degrees?

a)

44

b)

34

c)

26

d)

62

40.
How many eggs were measured altogether in this experiment?
a)
25
b)
40
c)
90
d)
100
41.
Mr. Semo is making a histogram to show the scores on the last science test. He first lists the scores in a stem-and-leaf plot. How many units tall should the bar be for the interval 70-79?
a)
2
b)
5
c)
9
d)
11
42.

Which of the follow measure the center of a symmetrical distribution? (select all that apply)

a)

Mean

b)

Median

c)

Mode

d)

Maximum

43.

Which of the following measure the variability of a distribution? (select all that apply).

a)

Mean

b)

Median

c)

Range

d)

Standard Deviation

e)

IQR

44.

If a distribution is skewed to the right with no outliers, which expression is correct?

a)

mean < median

b)

mean ≈ median

c)

mean = median

d)

mean > median

e)

We can't tell without examining the data

45.

the percent of observations less than or equal to an individual

a)

Percentile

b)

Z-score

c)

Table A

d)

normalcdf

46.

If I tell you that you scored at the 55th percentile on your final exam, you would know:

a)

55% of the class scored the same or worse than you did

b)

You earned a 55% on the exam

c)

You failed the exam

d)

45% of the class scored worse than you did

47.

A student recently took the SATs and their score correlated to the 60th percentile. This means that ______________ percent of all students score at or higher than the score the student received.

a)

60

b)

40

c)

20

d)

100

48.

For Mrs. V: mean = 55 and standard deviation = 19

For Mr. T: mean = 33 and standard deviation = 10.5


Mary Beth is very proud of the score of 80 that she earned in Mrs. V's class. Albert is equally proud of the score of 42 he earned in Mr. T's class. Who has the better score?

a)

Mary Beth

b)

Albert

49.

The sign of the z-score indicates whether the location is above(positive) or below(negative) the mean.

a)

True

b)

False

50.

Find the z-score value corresponding if the location is below the mean by 2 standard deviations

a)

+2.00

b)

-2.00

c)

+1.25

d)

-1.00

51.

Find the Z-score.

Mean = 22

Standard Deviation: 3.1

x = 29

a)

2.26

b)

16.45

c)

-2.26

d)

1.26

52.

Find the z-score.

Mean = 38

Standard Deviation: 1.2

x = 42

a)

3.33

b)

-3

c)

3.03

d)

-3.33

53.

Find the area under the standard normal curve that is to the left of z=0.88.

a)

0.1894

b)

0.8106

c)

1.1750

d)

-1.1750

54.

Find the area under the standard normal curve that is to the right of 0.46

a)

0.1004

b)

.3111

c)

0.6772

d)

0.3228

55.
The weights of paper discarded each week by households are normally distributed with a mean of 9.43 pounds and a standard deviation of 4.17 pounds.  What percent of households discard between 10 and 12 pounds? 
a)
17.68%
b)
6.50%
c)
28.55%
d)
82.32%
56.
The weights of paper discarded each week by households are normally distributed with a mean of 9.43 pounds and a standard deviation of 4.17 pounds.  What percent of households throw out fewer than 2 pounds of paper each week?
a)
96.26%
b)
48.13%
c)
3.74%
d)
1.87%
57.
The weights of paper discarded each week by households are normally distributed with a mean of 9.43 pounds and a standard deviation of 4.17 pounds.  How much paper do the top 10% of households discard? 
a)
16.29 pounds
b)
4.09 pounds
c)
14.77 pounds
d)
2.57 pounds
58.
Heights of women are normally distributed with a mean of 63.6 inches and a standard deviation of 2.5 inches.  The Beanstalk Club, a social organization for tall people, has a requirement that women must be at least 70 inches tall. What percentage of adult women meets the requirement to join the club?
a)
0.52%
b)
5%
c)
99.48%
d)
95%
59.
Heights of women are normally distributed with a mean of 63.6 inches and a standard deviation of 2.5 inches.  The Beanstalk Club, a social organization for tall people, has a requirement that women must be at least 70 inches tall. What heights mark the middle 50% of all women?
a)
Those above 63.5 inches
b)
61.1 inches to 66.1 inches
c)
61.9 inches to 65.3 inches
d)
Those below 63.5 inches
60.
The lengths of human pregnancies are normally distributed with a mean of 268 days and a standard deviation of 15 days. How long is a pregnancy if it is considered one of the top 20% in length? 
a)
280 days
b)
255 days
c)
249 days
d)
287 days
61.

If 30 is added to every observation in a data set, the only one of the following that is not changed is

a)

the mean

b)

the 75th percentile

c)

the median

d)

the standard deviation

e)

the minimum

62.

At a company, all of the employees got a 3% raise plus a $500 bonus at Christmas time. If the mean salary before the raise was $59,000, what is the new mean? (New=1.03 x Old + 500)

a)

60770

b)

59500

c)

61285

d)

61270

63.

At a company, all of the employees got a 3% raise plus a $500 bonus at Christmas time. If the standard deviation of the salaris before the raise was $5,000, what is the new standard deviation? (New=1.03 x Old + 500)

a)

5150

b)

5650

c)

5000

d)

5500

64.
At a local high school, GPA's are normally distributed with a mean of 2.9 and standard deviation of 0.6. What percentage of students at the high school have a GPA between 2.3 and 3.5?
a)
68%
b)
99.7%
c)
95%
d)
84%
65.
The mean life of a tire is 30,000 km. The standard deviation is 2000 km.

Then, 68% of all tires will have a life between ___________ km and __________ km.
a)
 28,000 km and 32,000 km.
b)
24,000 km and 34,000 km.
c)
26,000 km and 34,000 km.
d)
27,000 km and 31,000 km.
66.
The shelf life of a particular dairy product is normally distributed with a mean of 12 days and a standard deviation of 3 days.

About what percent of the products last between 12 and 15 days?
a)
68%
b)
34%
c)
16%
d)
2.5%
67.

What is the percentage of data that falls within three standard deviations of the mean?

a)

99.7%

b)

98.7%

c)

95%

d)

100%

68.

Which of the following measures the outcome of a study?

a)

The Response Variable

b)

The Explanatory Variable

69.

Which of the following may help predict or explain changes?

a)

The Response Variable

b)

The Explanatory Variable

70.

When describing the association between two variables on a scatterplot, you need to address the following. (Select all that apply).

a)

Shape

b)

Form

c)

Strength

d)

Center

e)

Direction

71.

What is the correlation for the following Scatter Plot.

a)

Weak Positive

b)

No Correlation

c)

Strong Negative

d)

Weak Negative

e)

Strong Positive

72.

What is the correlation for the following Scatter Plot.

a)

Weak Positive

b)

No Correlation

c)

Strong Negative

d)

Weak Negative

e)

Strong Positive

73.

What is the correlation for the following Scatter Plot.

a)

Weak Positive

b)

No Correlation

c)

Strong Negative

d)

Weak Negative

e)

Strong Positive

74.

Given the following Scatter Plot, select the option that is most likely the r value.

a)

r=.27r=.27

b)

r=−.862r=-.862

c)

r=.934r=.934

d)

r=.54r=.54

75.

Given the following Scatter Plot, select the option that is most likely the r value.

a)

r=−.45r=-.45

b)

r=−.981r=-.981

c)

r=.728r=.728

d)

r=.12r=.12

76.

Correlation coefficient is the statistic that measures the strength and direction of a linear association between two quantitative variables.

a)

True

b)

False

77.

If r=0, there is a strong correlation.

a)

True

b)

False

78.

r = -0.3 is considered to have...

a)

moderate negative correlation

b)

weak negative correlation

c)

no correlation

d)

strong negative correlation

79.

Which of the following statements about correlation is true?

a)

Correlation has no units

b)

Correlation shows causation

c)

Correlation is resistant to outliers

d)

Correlation can be used for all types of relationships, not just linear

80.

The use of a regression line for prediction outsides the interval of x values used to obtain the LSRL.

a)

Extrapolation

b)

Interpolation

c)

Correlation

d)

Residual

81.

The difference between the actual value of y and the predicted value of y predicted by the LSRL.

a)

Residual

b)

Slope

c)

Y-Intercept

d)

Correlation

82.

The predicted value of y when x = 0

a)

Slope

b)

Y-Intercept

c)

Residual

d)

Correlation

83.

The amount by which the predicted value of y changes when x increases by 1 unit.

a)

Slope

b)

Y-Intercept

c)

Correlation

d)

Residual

84.

The line that makes the sum of the squared residuals as small as possible.

a)

LSRL

b)

Slope

c)

Y-Intercept

d)

Linear Model

85.
Shown is a residual plot. Would a linear regression model of the data be most appropriate?
a)
YES
b)
NO
86.
Which residual plot shows that a linear regression model would be most appropriate?
a)
a
b)
b
c)
c
87.
Shown is a residual plot. Would a linear regression model of the data be most appropriate?
a)
YES
b)
NO
88.
After performing analyses on a set of data, Mrs. Schoeneck examined the scatter plot of the residual values for each analysis. Which scatter plot indicated the best linear fit for the data?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
89.

Can you predict the battery life of a tablet using the price? Using the data from a sample of 15 tablets, the LSRL y-hat=4.67 + 0.0068x was calculated using x=price in dollars and y= battery life in hours. S=1.21 and r2=0.342. Which is the correct interpretation of the coefficient of determination.

a)

34.2% of the variability in battery life is explained by the LSRL with x=price in dollars.

b)

The actual battery life in hours is typically 1.21 hours away from the battery life predicted by the LSRL

c)

There is a weak positive linear association between price in dollars and battery life.

d)

We predict the battery life of a tablet will increase 0.0068 hours for each increase of $1 in price

90.

Can you predict the battery life of a tablet using the price? Using the data from a sample of 15 tablets, the LSRL y-hat=4.67 + 0.0068x was calculated using x=price in dollars and y= battery life in hours. S=1.21 and r2=0.342. Which is the correct interpretation of the standard deviation of residuals.

a)

34.2% of the variability in battery life is explained by the LSRL with x=price in dollars.

b)

The actual battery life in hours is typically 1.21 hours away from the battery life predicted by the LSRL

c)

We predict that a tablet that cost $0 would have a battery life of 4.67 hours.

d)

We predict the battery life of a tablet will increase 0.0068 hours for each increase of $1 in price

91.

The equation of the LSRL for the points on a scatterplot is ŷ = 5.3-0.23x. What is the residual for the point (5, 4)?

a)

-0.15

b)

0.15

c)

1

d)

0.62

e)

0.85

92.
The following scatterplot describes the relationship between height (in cm) and foot length (also in cm) for 12 randomly selected students from the British Census @ Schools database. Which of the following is the best description of this relationship?
a)
There is some random variation, but otherwise height is directly proportional to foot length.
b)
There is a roughly linear relationship between height and foot length.
c)
There is a moderately weak, positive linear relationship between height and foot length.
d)
The relationship between height and foot length is linear, positive, and very strong.
93.
A sociologist is studying the relationship between early childhood nutrition and academic achievement in middle school among children in a certain city. Which of the following statements about the variable “early childhood nutrition” is correct?
a)
Early childhood nutrition is a response variable.
b)
Early childhood nutrition is an explanatory variable.
c)
Since there is not a clear explanatory-response relationship in this scenario, we cannot classify early childhood nutrition as either explanatory or response.
94.
Which of the following statements about the slope of the least-squares regression line is true? 
a)
It has the same sign as the correlation coefficient r.
b)
The square of the slope equals the proportion of the variation in the response variable that is explained by the explanatory variable.
c)
It is unitless.
d)
When the x-variable is 0, this is what the y-variable is predicted to be.
95.
A study showed that students who spend more time studying for statistics tests tend to achieve better scores on their tests. In fact, the number of hours studied turned out to explain 81% of the observed variation in test scores among the students who participated in the study. What is the value of the correlation between number of hours studied and test score? 
a)
r = 0.81
b)
r = 0.656
c)
r = 0.9
d)
There is no way to know.
96.
The following computer output describes the relationship between y = height (in cm) and x = foot length (also in cm) for 12 randomly selected students from the British Census @ Schools database. The scatterplot for this relationship show a roughly linear shape. Which of the following is an equation of least-squares regression line for these data?
a)
Height = 117.99 + 1.878 (Foot Length)
b)
Foot Length = 117.99 + 1.878 (Height)
c)
Height = 1.878 + 117.99 (Foot Length)
d)
Foot Length = 1.878 + 117.99 (Height)
97.
 If you graphed height as the explanatory variable and weight as the response variable, what would happen to the LSRL and r if you had accidently graphed the weight as the explanatory variable and the height as the response variable?
a)
LSRL would be different and r would be different
b)
LSRL would be different and r would stay the same
c)
LSRL would stay the same and r would be different
d)
LSRL would stay the same and r would stay the same
98.
The equation of a regression line is y = 0.5x + 35 where x is father’s height in inches and y is son’s height in inches. For a father who is 72 inches tall, what would we predict for the son’s height?
a)
69 inches 
b)
71 inches 
c)
72 inches
d)
74 inches
99.
The point in the upper right hand corner of the scatterplot is
a)
not an outlier or an influential point
b)
not an outlier but an influential point
c)
an outlier and an influential point
d)
an outlier but not an influential point
100.

A high school counselor wants to look at the relationship between the grade point average (GPA) and the number of absences for students in the senior class this past year. The data show a linear pattern with the summary statistics shown. Find the equation of the least-squares regression line for predicting GPA from the number of absences.

a)

y = 3.7125 − 0.1625x

x: # of absences

y: GPA

b)

y = 2.0875 − 0.1625x

x: # of absences

y: GPA

c)

y = -10.1 − 2.6x

x: # of absences

y: GPA

d)

y = 15.9 − 2.6x

x: # of absences

y: GPA

101.

Desiree is interested to see if students who consume more caffeine tend to study more as well. She randomly selects 20 students at her school and records their caffeine intake (mg) and the number of hours spent studying. A scatterplot of the data showed a linear relationship. Which statement about the slope is true?

a)

For each additional 1 hour of study time, the caffeine intake is predicted to increase by 0.164 mg.

b)

For each additional 1 hour of study time, the caffeine intake is predicted to decrease by 0.164 mg.

c)

For each additional 1 mg of caffeine, the study time is predicted to increase by 0.164 hours.

d)

For each additional 1 mg of caffeine, the study time is predicted to decrease by 0.164 hours.

102.

Desiree is interested to see if students who consume more caffeine tend to study more as well. She randomly selects 20 students at her school and records their caffeine intake (mg) and the number of hours spent studying. A scatterplot of the data showed a linear relationship. Which statement about the y-intercept is true?

a)

When the caffeine intake is 0 mg, the study time is predicted to be 2.544 hours.

b)

When the caffeine intake is 0 mg, the study time is 2.544 hours.

c)

When the caffeine intake is 0 mg, the study time is predicted to be 0.164 hours.

d)

When the caffeine intake is 0 mg, the study time is 0.164 hours.

103.

Desiree is interested to see if students who consume more caffeine tend to study more as well. She randomly selects 20 students at her school and records their caffeine intake (mg) and the number of hours spent studying. A scatterplot of the data showed a linear relationship. How large is a typical prediction error from the actual study time when using this model to predict study time from caffeine intake?

a)

1.532 milligrams

b)

1.532 hours

c)

60.032%

d)

2.544 hours

104.

Desiree is interested to see if students who consume more caffeine tend to study more as well. She randomly selects 20 students at her school and records their caffeine intake (mg) and the number of hours spent studying. A scatterplot of the data showed a linear relationship. About what percentage of the variation in study time can be explained by the regression on caffeine intake?

a)

16.4%

b)

25.4%

c)

58.6%

d)

60.0%

105.

Identify the sampling method:


Every fifth person boarding a plane is searched thoroughly.

a)

SRS

b)

Stratified

c)

Cluster

d)

Systematic

e)

Voluntary Response

106.

Identify the sampling method:


At a local community College, five math classes are randomly selected out of 20 and all of the students from each class are interviewed.

a)

SRS

b)

Stratified

c)

Cluster

d)

Systematic

e)

Convenience

107.

Identify the sampling method:


A researcher randomly selects and interviews fifty male and fifty female teachers.

a)

SRS

b)

Systematic

c)

Stratified

d)

Cluster

e)

Convenience

108.

Identify the sampling method:


A researcher for an airline interviews all of the passengers on five randomly selected flights.

a)

SRS

b)

Systematic

c)

Stratified

d)

Cluster

e)

Convenience

109.

Identify the sampling method:


Based on 12,500 responses from 42,000 surveys sent to its alumni, a major university estimated that the annual salary of its alumni was 92,500.

a)

SRS

b)

Cluster

c)

Stratified

d)

Convenience

e)

Voluntary Response

110.

Identify the sampling method:


A community college student interviews the first 100 students to enter the building to determine the percentage of students that own a car.

a)

SRS

b)

Stratified

c)

Cluster

d)

Convenience

e)

Voluntary Response

111.

Identify the sampling method:


To avoid working late, the quality control manager inspects the last 10 items produced that day.

a)

SRS

b)

Systematic

c)

Convenience

d)

Voluntary Response

e)

Cluster

112.

Identify the sampling method:


The names of 70 contestants are written on 70 cards, The cards are placed in a bag, and three names are picked from the bag.

a)

SRS

b)

Systematic

c)

Stratified

d)

Cluster

e)

Convenience

113.

A company wants to know the opinion of a rural community on a proposed ballot initiative. Half of the community does not have internet access, so the company sends emails to the 380 members that do have internet access. Of those surveyed, 372 of the community members responded to the survey. Which of the following is the most significant source of bias in the survey?

a)

Voluntary Response Bias

b)

Undercoverage

c)

Nonresponse Bias

d)

Response Bias

114.

A radio station is discussing a controversial policy enacted by the local police department. They poll listeners by having them call in to the radio station. Which of the following is the most significant source of bias?

a)

Leading questions on the survey

b)

Voluntary Response Bias

c)

Survivorship Bias

d)

Undercoverage

115.

Which of the following would theoretically determine the exact value of a parameter?

a)

A simple random sample

b)

A cluster sample

c)

A census

d)

A stratified random sample

116.

Which of the following surveying methods divides individuals by a shared attribute, then randomly surveys members within each attribute-group?

a)

Simple random

b)

Stratified random

c)

Cluster random

d)

Strategic Random

117.

Which of the following surveying methods involves randomly selecting groups of individuals, then surveys all individuals in the group?

a)

Stratified Random

b)

Simple Random

c)

Cluster Random

d)

Systematic

118.

To randomly select 25 basketball players from the 300 players in the NBA, I would:

a)

Number the players from 01-25, read 3 digits at a time from a random table, discarding repeats and numbers over 25, and then stop when I reach 25.

b)

Number the players from 0-299, read 2 digits at a time from a random table, discarding repeats and numbers over 299, and stop when I reach 25.

c)

Number the players from 01-299, read 2 digits at a time from a random table, discarding repeats and numbers over 300, and stop when I reach 25.

d)

Number the players from 001-300, read 3 digits at a time from a random table, discarding repeats, 000 and numbers over 300, and stop when I reach 25.

119.

If you have 1,000 schools on the list, number them from 000 to 999 and read the table three digits at a time. What are the first five schools in this sample?

a)

24, 19, 83, 72, 41

b)

241, 983, 724, 152, 579

c)

2419, 8372, 4152, 5761, 0849

120.

A group of librarians is interested in the numbers of books and other media that patrons check out from their library. They examine the checkout records of 150 randomly selected adult patrons.

a)

The population is all adult patrons of the library; the sample is the 150.

b)

The populations is all patrons of the library; the sample is the adult patrons of the library.

c)

The population is all patrons is all patrons who check out at least 1 book from the library; the sample is the 150 patrons selected.

121.

Identify the Population:

Gwinnett County Public Schools randomly selected 230 teachers to find out which technology resource is the most effective. 30 teachers chose Safari Montage, 45 selected Learn Zillion, 100 chose Ed Puzzle, and 55 chose Kahoot. GCPS concluded that all teachers prefer Ed Puzzle.

a)

230 Teachers

b)

100 Teachers

c)

55 Teachers

d)

All Teachers

122.

Identify the Sample:

A restaurant wants to know if customers buy dessert when they eat out. As people leave the restaurant one evening, 20 people are surveyed at random. Eight people say they usually order dessert when they eat out. The restaurant concluded that most customers do not order dessert.

a)

20 customers

b)

8 customers

c)

All customers

d)

Dessert

123.

Identify the shaded area...

a)

A∩B

b)

A∪B

c)

A'∩B'

d)

A'∪B'

124.

Identify the shaded area...

a)

A

b)

B

c)

A'

d)

B'

125.

Identify the shaded area...

a)

A∩B

b)

A∪B

c)

A'∩B'

d)

A'∪B'

126.
Probability can be expressed as a number between_____ and _____.
a)
0 and 100
b)
0 and 10
c)
0 and 1
d)
-1 and 1
127.
What is the probability of rolling a cube and having land as an odd number?
a)
3/4
b)
1/3
c)
1/2
d)
2/5
128.
A bag has 3 red marbles, 2 blue and 4 yellow. What is the theoretical probability of pulling a red?
a)
3/10
b)
3/9
c)
1/9
d)
3/8
129.
P(Freshman or Pizza):
a)
27/50
b)
4/50
c)
3/50
d)
30/50
130.
P(Pizza ∩ Water) =
a)
62/182
b)
120/400
c)
58/400
d)
140/400
131.
P(Sandals|Pants):
a)
4/20
b)
6/15
c)
1/2
d)
2/7
132.
In sample surveys, bias can be controlled or reduced by all of the following EXCEPT
a)
using a randomized or chance sampling procedure.
b)
wording questions so they are not confusing or misleading.
c)
prompting respondents so that they give correct responses.
d)
reducing non-response and undercoverage.
133.

Randomization is necessary for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

a)

averaging out the effects of lurking (confounding) variables.

b)

removing bias that could result if subjects drop out of the experiment before it finishes.

c)

producing groups that should be similar to each other in all respects before the treatments are applied.

d)

removing chance variation from the experimental results.

134.
Twelve locations were randomly selected within five miles of a plant suspected of air pollution. Sulfate levels were measured at each of these locations. The plant installed pollution control equipment and sulfate levels were again measured at each of these twelve locations. Which one of the following best describes this study?
a)
Observational
b)
Sample Survey
c)
Completely Random
d)
Matched Pairs Comparison
135.
Which of the following is not a principle of experimentation?
a)
Randomly allocating experimental units to treatments
b)
Stratifying the experimental units into groups of similar indiviudals and applying a different treatment to each strata
c)
Replicating to measure overall experimental error and increase precision
d)
Using a control group to determine whether a treatment really works
136.
The advantage of experiments over observational studies is that
a)
experiments can be used to establish causation.
b)
experiments do not have biased results because of the control group.
c)
the variables in an experiment cannot be confounded.
d)
the principle of blocking is applicable in experiments but not in surveys.
137.
In a study of PMS, 9 out of the 10 women surveyed reported that they were in a better mood after being on a diet that included 1,300 milligrams of calcium daily for 5.5 months. This study was conducted by the US Department of Agriculture. Which one of the following statements is NOT a valid criticism of this study?
a)
The study did not include a control group.
b)
Randomization was not incorporated in the study.
c)
There is no replication in the study.
d)
The women gave their own diagnosis of whether or not their moods improved.
138.
In order to investigate whether women are more likely than men to prefer Democratic candidates, a political scientist selects a large sample of registered voters, both men and women. She asks every voter whether they voted for the Republican or the Democratic candidate in the last election. This is
a)
a simple random sample
b)
a block design
c)
a double-blind experiment
d)
an observational study
139.
Which of the following distinguishes an observational study from a randomized experiment?
a)
In an observational study volunteers are always used, whereas in a randomized experiment a random sample is always taken from the population.
b)
In an observational study a random sample is always taken from the population, whereas in a randomized experiment volunteers are always used.
c)
In an observational study treatments are not randomly assigned, whereas in a randomized experiment treatments are always randomly assigned.
d)
In an observational study a control group is never used, whereas in a randomized experiment a control group is always used.
140.
A nutritionist wants to study the effect of storage time (6, 12, and 18 months) on the amount of vitamin C present in freeze dried fruit when stored for these lengths of time. Vitamin C is measured in milligrams per 100 milligrams of fruit. Six fruit packs were randomly assigned to each of the three storage times. The treatment, experimental unit, and response are respectively:
a)
A specific storage time, amount of vitamin C, a fruit pack
b)
A fruit pack, amount of vitamin C, a specific storage time 
c)
A specific storage time, the nutritionist, amount of vitamin C
d)
A specific storage time, a fruit pack, amount of vitamin C 
141.

Which of the following is most important in minimizing the placebo effect?

a)

Replication and randomization

b)

Replication and blinding

c)

Randomization and control

d)

Blinding and control

142.

Two studies are run to compare the experiences of low-income families receiving food stamps to those receiving cash subsidies. The first study interviews 50 families who have been in each government program for at least 2 years, while the second randomly assigns 50 families to each program and interviews them after 2 years. Which of the following is a true statement?

a)

Both studies are observational studies because there are no control groups.

b)

Both studies are experiments, because in each, families are receiving treatments (food stamps or cash).

c)

The first study is an observational study; the second is an experiment.

d)

The first study is an experiment; the second is an observational study.

143.
Given the probability model in the table below, what is the expected value of the random variable?
  X        50          20        5
P(X)     0.1         0.3      0.6
a)
14
b)
4.67
c)
5
d)
7.5
144.
A coin is flipped 3 times. If you get tails once you get $5, tails twice you get $15, and tails on all three flips you get $40. What is the expected amount of money you will get?
a)
$12.50
b)
$5
c)
$7.50
d)
$10
145.

The mean amount of time to mix the batter for a cake is 14 minutes with a standard deviation of 2.5 minutes. The mean amount of time to bake the cake is 35 minutes with a standard deviation of 6.2 minutes. What is the mean time to make and bake a cake? What is the standard deviation?

a)

mean = 49 min sd = 8.7 min

b)

mean = 49 min sd = 6.685 min

c)

mean = 21 min sd = 8.7 min

d)

mean = 21 min sd = 6.685 min

146.

The mean hourly salary for a high school graduate is $13.50 per hour with a standard deviation of $5.75. The mean hourly salary for a person with an Associate's degree is $19.75 with a standard deviation of $9.25. What is expected difference in the hourly salaries between a high school graduate and a person who earned an Associate's degree?

a)

$33.25

b)

$-3.50

c)

$-6.25

d)

$15.00

147.
A random variable X has a mean of 5 and a st. dev of 0.40. A random variable Y has a mean of 8 and a st. dev of 0.60. If both are independent, what is the mean of X + Y?
a)
13
b)
6.5
c)
14
d)
Not here.
148.

A random variable X has a mean of 120 and a standard deviation of 15. A random variable Y has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 9. If X and Y are independent, approximately what is the standard deviation of X – Y?

a)

24.0

b)

17.5

c)

12.0

d)

6.0

e)

4.9

149.

The mean of the sum or difference of two random variables is __________________.

a)

the sum or difference of their respective means

b)

found by adding or subtracting the original means and then dividing by two

150.

The variance of the sum or difference of two independent random variables is ________________.

a)

found by adding the two variances

b)

found by adding or subtracting the two variances

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