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Earth Science Midterm

Total questions: 38

Worksheet time: 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Edwin Hubble came up with the big bang theory. What main piece of evidence led him to discover it?
a)
The Sun is the center of the universe.
b)
The universe is expanding in all directions.
c)
New universes are being made daily.
d)
All life appeared on Earth 3.5 billion years ago.
2.
When hydrogen atoms are combined to form helium, this process is called
a)
Fusion
b)
Fission
c)
Red Shift
d)
Nuclear Decay
3.

Which event occurred approximately 4.6 billion years ago?

a)

evolution of the earliest fish

b)

evolution of stomatolites

c)

formation of the oldest known Earth rocks

d)

formation of Earth and our solar system

4.

Which two characteristics do all Jovian planets have in common?

a)

small diameters and low densities

b)

small diameters and high densities

c)

large diameters and low densities

d)

large diameters and high densities

5.

Which planet takes more time to complete one rotation on its axis than to complete one revolution around the Sun?

a)

Mercury

b)

Venus

c)

Mars

d)

Jupiter

6.

Approximately 97% of Venus's atmosphere is carbon dioxide. Describe how carbon dioxide contributes to the unusually high average surface temperature of Venus.

4 lines
7.

The diagram below represents planets A and B, of equal mass, revolving around a star. Compared to planet A, planet B has a

a)

weaker gravitational attraction to the star and a shorter period of revolution

b)

weaker gravitational attraction to the star and a longer period of revolution

c)

stronger gravitational attraction to the star and a shorter period of revolution

d)

stronger gravitational attraction to the star and a longer period of revolution

8.

Compared to the oceanic crust, the continental crust is (for your referense, felsic and granitic are the same thing, same with basaltic and mafic)

a)

less dense and more basaltic

b)

less dense and more felsic

c)

more dense and more granitic

d)

more dense and more mafic

9.

Which landmass is moving northward with Australia as part of the same tectonic plate?

a)

India

b)

Antartica

c)

North America

d)

South America

10.

Earth's internal heat is the primary source of energy that

a)

warms the lower troposphere

b)

melts glacial ice at lower altitudes

c)

moves the lithospheric plates

d)

pollutes deep groundwater with radioactivity

11.

The epicenter of an earthquake is located 6500 kilometers away from a seismic station. If the first S-wave arrived at this seismic station at 1:30 p.m., at what time did the first P-wave arrive?

a)

1:20 pm

b)

1:22 pm

c)

1:38 pm

d)

1:40 pm

12.

The Aleutian Islands extend westward from southern Alaska to form the northern boundary of the Pacific Ocean. These volcanic islands were formed by the nearby

a)

subduction of a continental plate

b)

subduction of an oceanic plate

c)

divergence of a continental plate

d)

divergence of an oceanic plate

13.

The cross section below represents a pattern of magnetic field reversals preserved in the igneous bedrock of the oceanic crust east of the Mid-Atlantic ridge.

Which cross section best represents the magnetic field pattern west of the Mid-Atlantic ridge?

a)

b)

c)

d)

14.

The cross-sectional view of Earth below, which shows seismic waves traveling from the focus of an earthquake. Points A and B are locations on Earth’s surface.

Which statement best explains why only one type of seismic wave was recorded at location B?

a)

S-waves cannot travel through the liquid outer core.

b)

S-waves cannot travel through the liquid inner core.

c)

P-waves cannot travel through the solid outer core.

d)

P-waves cannot travel through the solid inner core.

15.

Base your answers on the passage below. Crustal Activity at Mid-Ocean Ridges Mid-ocean ridges are found at one type of tectonic plate boundary. These ridges consist of extensive underwater mountain ranges split by rift valleys. The rift valleys mark places where two crustal plates are pulling apart, widening the ocean basins, and allowing magma from the asthenosphere to move upward. In some cases, mid-ocean ridges have migrated toward nearby mantle hot spots. This explains why mid-ocean ridges and mantle hot spots are found together at several locations.

Which type of tectonic plate boundary is located at mid-ocean ridges?

a)

convergent

b)

transform

c)

divergent

d)

complex

16.

The map below shows a part of Earth’s surface. Points A through D are locations on the ocean floor.

At which location is the temperature of the ocean floor bedrock most likely highest?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

17.

The map below shows the Atlantic Ocean divided into zones A, B, C, and D. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is located between zones B and C.

Which graph best represents the geologic age of the surface bedrock on the ocean bottom?

a)

b)

c)

d)

18.

Which sequence correctly lists the relative sizes from smallest to largest?

a)

our solar system, universe, Milky Way Galaxy

b)

our solar system, Milky Way Galaxy, universe

c)

Milky Way Galaxy, our solar system, universe

d)

Milky Way Galaxy, universe, our solar system

19.

Which set of events is most common along tectonic plate boundaries?

a)

Earthquakes and volcanoes

b)

Erosion and earthquakes

c)

Tidal waves and volcanoes

d)

Hurricanes and tsunamis

20.

Convection currents happen in the mantle. The outer core heats magma around it and causes it to become less dense. Because the magma is less dense than the material around it, it starts to rise toward the crust. Since the crust is not hot, the magma starts to cool as it gets close to the crust. Since it is cooling, it gets denser and starts to sink back down toward the outer core.


Use the information above to answer the following question: Which of the following TWO things happen to magma causing it to rise?

a)

It gets cooler.

b)

It gets warmer.

c)

It gets denser.

d)

It gets less dense.

21.

What is the thinnest and outer most layer of the Earth, that we live on?

a)

Outer Core

b)

Crust

c)

Mantle

d)

Inner core

22.

Which layer of the Earth is solid iron and nickel?

a)

Mantle

b)

Crust

c)

Inner Core

d)

Outer core

23.

What was the name given to all the continents when they were joined as one super continent?

a)

Supreme Continent

b)

Eurasia

c)

Plate tectonics

d)

Pangaea

24.
Which of these is a key piece of evidence of contiental drift?
a)
Continent shapes
b)
Fossil record
c)
Rock layers
d)
All of the above
25.
This is when two plates converge but one slides under the other due to density.
a)
Uplift
b)
Subduction
c)
Trench
d)
None of the above
26.
The ______ is the layer of the Earth under the crust.
a)
core
b)
mantle
c)
magma
d)
none of the above
27.
What is the first stage of the life cycle of a star for all stars?
a)
nebula
b)
protostar
c)
main-sequence
d)
red giant
28.
In this stage, a star spends most of its life. Hydrogen is fused into helium at a temperature of millions of degrees.
a)
nebula
b)
protostar
c)
main-sequence
d)
supergiant
29.
This stage is when a high mass star explodes
a)
Supergiant
b)
Red giant
c)
Supernova
d)
Black hole
30.

The luminosity of a star describes its ______________.

a)

brightness

b)

temperature

c)

age

d)

color

31.

What color are the coolest stars?

a)

red

b)

blue

c)

white

d)

orange

32.
Characteristics used to classify stars include
a)
distance, size, and color.
b)
size, distance, and brightness.
c)
color, brightness, and distance.
d)
size, brightness, and temperature.
33.

Whether a star ends up as a red dwarf or a neutron largely depends on what characteristic of the star?

a)

its color

b)

its mass

c)

its location

d)

its temperature

34.
Which of these puts the main parts of an average star's life cycle in the correct order?
a)
protostar>
main sequence>
red giant >
white dwarf
b)
protostar> 
main sequence> 
white dwarf> 
red giant
c)
main sequence> 
protostar> 
white dwarf> 
red giant
d)
protostar> 
red giant >
main sequence> 
white dwarf
35.

How did the Hawaiian islands form?

a)

tectonic plates sliding past one another

b)

two oceanic plates colliding to form an island arc

c)

an oceanic plate moving over a hot spot

d)

lava flowing over Earth's surface where two plates move apart (divergent boundary)

36.
Which natural phenomenon occurs as a result of Earth rotating on its axis?
a)
movement of tectonic plates
b)
deep ocean currents
c)
seasonal changes
d)
day and night 
37.
A major piece of evidence supporting the Big Bang Theory and the expansion of the universe is the observation of wavelengths of stars in distant galaxies show a
a)
red shift and are moving away
b)
red shift and moving towards
c)
blue shift and moving away
d)
blue shift and moving towards
38.
Which two elements are most useful for the radioactive dating of recent organic remains?
a)
C14 and N14
b)
K40 and Ca40
c)
U238 and Pb206
d)
Rb87 and SR87