A point where aircraft can perform aerobatic maneuvers

A position where aircraft can refuel during long flights

A specified place above which aircraft can hold air shows

A specified point identified by NAVAIDs or visual reference to the ground for establishing and maintaining the position of an aircraft

To provide space for air racing events

To create a buffer zone for wildlife conservation

To ensure obstacle clearance and separation from other air traffic

To allow aircraft to perform stunts and aerobatics

2 minutes

3 minutes

1 minute

30 seconds

265 KIAS

200 KIAS

230 KIAS

240 KIAS

No entry procedure is required

Parallel Procedure

Teardrop Procedure

Direct Entry Procedure

To schedule the next maintenance check for the aircraft

To help with fuel planning and in case of lost communications

To estimate the time of arrival at the destination airport

To indicate the expected fuel consumption during the hold

Counterclockwise turns

Straight and level flight

Right turns

Left turns

To limit the effects of wind on the aircraft

To provide a challenge for pilots

To maintain situational awareness and ease of tracking

To make it easier for aircraft to perform aerobatic maneuvers

To ensure obstacle clearance if the aircraft drifts out of the primary area

To provide a buffer zone for wildlife conservation

To allow aircraft to perform aerobatic maneuvers

To create a space for air racing events

Direct Entry Procedure

No entry procedure is required

Parallel Procedure

Teardrop Procedure

To provide a challenging entry for pilots

To allow aircraft to enter the hold without any maneuvering

To ensure that the aircraft stays within the protected airspace

To allow aircraft to perform aerobatic maneuvers

200 KIAS

230 KIAS

240 KIAS

265 KIAS

Switch to the secondary radio and continue holding

Continue holding until the issue is resolved

Descend to a lower altitude to improve radio reception

Set squawk 7600 on the transponder and follow the lost comms procedures

To provide a challenging entry for pilots

To allow aircraft to enter the hold without any maneuvering

To ensure that the aircraft stays within the protected airspace

To allow aircraft to perform aerobatic maneuvers

200 KIAS

230 KIAS

240 KIAS

265 KIAS

To mark the point where an aircraft must initiate a missed approach procedure if the runway is not in sight

To indicate the point where an aircraft must begin its descent for landing

To mark the point where an aircraft must initiate a go-around if the approach is unstable

To indicate the point where an aircraft must reduce speed for landing

To provide a straight-in approach to the runway

To allow aircraft to perform aerobatic maneuvers

To provide a visual reference for the final approach

To allow aircraft to overfly the runway before landing

To mark the point where an aircraft must initiate a missed approach procedure if the runway is not in sight

To indicate the point where an aircraft must begin its descent for landing

To mark the point where an aircraft must initiate a go-around if the approach is unstable

To indicate the point where an aircraft must reduce speed for landing

Ascending, descending, and level entry

Clockwise, counterclockwise, and diagonal entry

Left, right, and straight entry

Direct, parallel, and teardrop entry

There are no specific entry and holding instructions for standard holding patterns

Standard holding pattern procedures are used by pilots to maintain their position and altitude while waiting to land at an airport.

Pilots can fly in any direction and pattern they choose

Standard holding pattern procedures are used for emergency landings only

1.5 minutes for a standard holding pattern above 14,000 feet

2 minutes for a standard holding pattern at any altitude

30 seconds for a standard holding pattern at or below 14,000 feet, and

5 minutes for a any standard holding pattern

By counting the number of loops in the pattern

Using a predetermined time or distance for each leg of the pattern.

By using a GPS to track the time and distance

By waiting for air traffic control to give the signal to exit the pattern

To keep aircraft in a specified airspace while waiting for clearance to land or proceed to their destination.

To allow passengers to enjoy the view from above

To conserve fuel by flying in circles

To give the pilot a chance to practice their flying skills

In a holding pattern, the inbound leg is the segment of the pattern where the aircraft is flying towards the holding fix, while the outbound leg is the segment where the aircraft is flying away from the holding fix.

The inbound leg is the segment where the aircraft is flying away from the holding fix, while the outbound leg is the segment where the aircraft is flying towards the holding fix.

In a holding pattern, the inbound leg is the segment where the aircraft is flying parallel to the holding fix, while the outbound leg is the segment where the aircraft is flying directly towards the holding fix.

Inbound leg refers to the segment where the aircraft is flying away from the holding fix, while the outbound leg refers to the segment where the aircraft is flying towards the holding fix.

Direction of the inbound track, type of holding fix, and aircraft's position relative to the holding fix

Number of fly standby passengers on board

Time of day for the expected landing

Colour of the decal on the aircraft

An aircraft can enter a holding pattern by flying directly over the holding fix and then making a 180-degree turn to fly the outbound leg.

Aircraft are not allowed to enter a holding pattern from a parallel entry, they must always enter from a direct head-on approach.

When an aircraft is approaching the holding fix from a direction perpendicular to the holding pattern, it can enter the pattern by making a direct turn away from the holding fix and then flying the outbound leg.

When an aircraft is approaching the holding fix from a direction parallel to the holding pattern, it can enter the pattern by making a direct turn towards the holding fix and then flying the outbound leg.