The economic and political system of medieval Europe in which people exchanged loyalty and labor for a lord’s protection

To take control of a person or thing by force

The process of spending wealth to maintain an army

One of the most important forms of military technology

A system of organizing people into ranks, with those of higher rank having more power and privileges

A highly effective way of dealing with disease

A code of ideal behaviors that knights follow

The highest type of European noble, ranking just below a prince

The church headed by the emperor in Constantinople

The Christian church headed by the pope in Rome

The group of Romans responsible for running Colosseum events

A group of churches that hated Christianity

The religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ

The belief that God gives monarchs the right to rule

The bishop of Rome and supreme leader of the Roman Catholic Church

Another name for William, Duke of Normandy

The right to be born

The belief that god gives monarchs the right to rule

The ability to become the pope or church leader

A person of high rank by birth or title

A ruler such as a king or queen

Land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service

A person who is known for taking things that did not belong to them

A person of high rank by birth or title

A large estate, including farmland and villages, held by a lord

A small hut that peasants often lived in

A deep wide ditch, often filled with water

A covering that knights often put over their shins to protect against enemy arrows

An unfree person who works the land

To solve an important problem

A person of high rank by birth or title

A system of organizing people into ranks

A ruler, such as a king or queen

An unfree peasant

A person who works the land

The leader of the Roman Catholic Church