We have learned 있어요/and 없어요 in the past. Can you explain the conjugation rules for 있다 and 없다?

How is 아요/어요/여요 similar and different from the -(으)세요 and 이에요/예요 we learned?

(Hints: When talk about differences, consider their meanings, and the part of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives) they are attached to. When explaining similarities, please focus on their social function.)

We have learned 앉다, 읽다, 사랑하다(to love) in the past, could you please conjugate them with 아요/어요/여요 first and then explain why you have conjugated them that way?

Can you explain why 먹어요 has present tense meaning?

Is it because of the 아요/어요 has present tense meaning?

(Hint: Korean present tense marker)

미나 and 보아 are talking to each other, and you heard they say '읽어/공부해' to each other instead of '읽어요/공부해요,' what does that say about their relationship?

If you were to add a particle to the sentence below, what particle would you add? Please also explain why you have chosen that particle.
책상에(on) 책__ 있어요.

이 운동화(sneakers)__ 한 켤레 주세요.

Tom always say '저는 영화을 좋아해요,' and you could not put up with his mistakes of using 을 after the 영화 anymore, how would you correct him? And can you explain the rules for him as well so he knows why he is wrong?

In a casual conversation setting, you will rarely hear 무엇을, what are the two forms that are much preferred in this situation?

When conjugating verbs with -아요/어요/여요, some verbs experience special changes, for example, two syllables may be contracted to one. Could you please explain what will happen the the following words if you conjugate them with 아요/어요/여요?

(책을) 사다 'to buy,' (학교에) 다니다 'attend school,' (춤을) 추다 'to dance (a dance),' (영화를) 보다