Worksheetslab exam 3
Total questions: 8
Worksheet time: 4mins
Ability to arrange the sequence of events for muscle fiber contraction.
1. Nerve signal is propagated down motor axon to synaptic knob
2. Calcium enters synaptic knob through calcium pumps due to membrane potential change
3. Calcium binds to synaptic vesicles
4. Calcium binds to troponin and crossbridge cycle occurs followed by muscle contraction
5. Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters (ACh) fuse with plasma membrane and eject into
the synaptic cleft through exocytosis
6. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the motor end plate
7. Action potential is initiated and propagates along sarcolemma and T-tubules to sarcoplasmic
reticulum where calcium is released
1.Nerve signal is propagated down motor axon to synaptic knob
2.Calcium enters synaptic knob through calcium pumps due to membrane potential change
3. Calcium binds to synaptic vesicles
4. Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters (ACh) fuse with plasma membrane and eject into
the synaptic cleft through exocytosis
5. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the motor end plate
6. Action potential is initiated and propagates along sarcolemma and T-tubules to sarcoplasmic
reticulum where calcium is released
7. Calcium binds to troponin and crossbridge cycle occurs followed by muscle contraction
1. Calcium enters synaptic knob through calcium pumps due to membrane potential change
2. Calcium binds to synaptic vesicles
3. Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters (ACh) fuse with plasma membrane and eject into
the synaptic cleft through exocytosis
4. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the motor end plate
5. Action potential is initiated and propagates along sarcolemma and T-tubules to sarcoplasmic
reticulum where calcium is released
6. Calcium binds to troponin and crossbridge cycle occurs followed by muscle contraction
7. Nerve signal is propagated down motor axon to synaptic knob
1. Nerve signal is propagated down motor axon to synaptic knob
2. Calcium enters synaptic knob through calcium pumps due to membrane potential change
3. Calcium binds to synaptic vesicles
4. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the motor end plate
5. Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters (ACh) fuse with plasma membrane and eject into
the synaptic cleft through exocytosis
6.Action potential is initiated and propagates along sarcolemma and T-tubules to sarcoplasmic
reticulum where calcium is released
7.Calcium binds to troponin and crossbridge cycle occurs followed by muscle contraction
Ability to differentiate between skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissue and label them as voluntary or involuntary
Skeletal muscle:
Striated
Voluntary
Attached to skeleton
Smooth muscle:
Non-striated, spindle-shaped
Involuntary
Covering wall of internal organs
Cardiac muscle:
Non-Striated
Voluntary
Covering walls of the heart
Skeletal muscle:
non-Striated
Involuntary
Attached to skeleton
Smooth muscle:
Non-striated, spindle-shaped
Involuntary
Covering wall of internal organs
Cardiac muscle
Striated
Involuntary
Covering walls of the heart
Skeletal muscle:
Striated
Voluntary
Attached to skeleton
Smooth muscle:
Non-striated, spindle-shaped
Involuntary
Covering wall of internal organs
Cardiac muscle:
Striated
Involuntary
Covering walls of the heart
Skeletal muscle:
Striated
Voluntary
Attached to skeleton
Smooth muscle:
Striated, spindle-shaped
Voluntary
Covering wall of internal organs
Cardiac muscle:
Striated
Involuntary
Covering walls of the heart
Know the 3 reflexes we tested in lab 6 and which spinal nerves they function through
Biceps reflex(causes flexion of arm)
C5 & C6 spinal nerves
Triceps reflex (causes extension of arm)
C7 & C8 spinal nerves
Patellar reflex (knee jerk reflex)
L2, L3, & L4 spinal nerves
Biceps reflex (causes flexion of arm)
C7 & C8 spinal nerves
Triceps reflex (causes extension of arm)
C5 & C6 spinal nerves
Patellar reflex (knee jerk reflex)
L2, L3, & L4 spinal nerves
Biceps reflex(causes flexion of arm)
C5 & C6 spinal nerves
Triceps reflex (knee jerk reflex))
L2, L3, & L4 spinal nerve
Patellar reflex (causes extension of arm
C7 & C8 spinal nerves
Biceps reflex (causes extension of arm)
L2, L3 & L4 spinal nerves
Triceps reflex (causes flexion of arm)
C7 & C8 spinal nerves
Patellar reflex (knee jerk reflex)
C5 & C6 spinal nerves
8. Know the differences between hyporeflexia and hyperreflexia
Hyporeflexia: due to malnutrition, neuronal lesions, aging and is a diminished response to stimulus
Hyperreflexia: exaggerated response due to the loss of inhibitory control of the motor cortex
Hyperreflexia: due to malnutrition, neuronal lesions, aging and is a diminished response to stimulus
Hyporeflexia: exaggerated response due to the loss of inhibitory control of the motor cortex
Know the 3 membranes the brain is surrounded by
Dura Mater: inferior to the dura mater, second meninx
Between this netlike membrane and surface of brain is the subarachnoid space which
contains cerebrospinal fluid
Arachnoid Mater: outermost meninx
thick, tough membrane made up of fibrous connective tissue
Pia Mater: surface of the brain, third meninx
Very thin, surface has grooves (sulci) that increase surface of gray matter
Dura Mater: outermost meninx
thick, tough membrane made up of fibrous connective tissue
Arachnoid Mater: surface of the brain, third meninx
Very thin, surface has grooves (sulci) that increase surface of gray matter
Pia Mater: inferior to the dura mater, second meninx
Between this netlike membrane and surface of brain is the subarachnoid space which
contains cerebrospinal fluid
Dura Mater: surface of the brain, third meninx
Very thin, surface has grooves (sulci) that increase surface of gray matter
Arachnoid Mater: inferior to the dura mater, second meninx
Between this netlike membrane and surface of brain is the subarachnoid space which
contains cerebrospinal fluid
Pia Mater: outermost meninx
thick, tough membrane made up of fibrous connective tissue
Dura Mater: outermost meninx
thick, tough membrane made up of fibrous connective tissue
Arachnoid Mater: inferior to the dura mater, second meninx
Between this netlike membrane and surface of brain is the subarachnoid space which
contains cerebrospinal fluid
Pia Mater: surface of the brain, third meninx
Very thin, surface has grooves (sulci) that increase surface of gray matter
Know the functional localization of the brain
Somatomotor area– occupies surface of the precentral gyrus of frontal lobe, provides movement of
specific muscular groups in conscious humans
Premotor area– large area anterior to the somatomotor area, exerts control over the motor area
Somatosensory area– located on postcentral gyrus of parietal bones, functions to localize origin of light, touch, and pressure sensations. Also determines organ position
Motor speech area– – located on the superior temporal gyrus, receives nerve impulses from the cochlea of the
inner ear via the thalamus
Visual area– located on the occipital lobe, receives impulses from the retina via the thalamus. Destruction of this region causes blindness
Auditory area– located in frontal lobe, above lateral cerebral fissure, anterior to somatomotor area,
exerts control over the muscles of the larynx and tongue that produce speech
Somatomotor area– located on postcentral gyrus of parietal bones, functions to localize origin of light, touch, and pressure sensations. Also determines organ position
Premotor area– large area anterior to the somatomotor area, exerts control over the motor area
Somatosensory area- occupies surface of the precentral gyrus of frontal lobe, provides movement of
specific muscular groups in conscious humans
Motor speech area– located in frontal lobe, above lateral cerebral fissure, anterior to somatomotor area,
exerts control over the muscles of the larynx and tongue that produce speech
Visual area– located on the occipital lobe, receives impulses from the retina via the thalamus.
Destruction of this region causes blindness
Auditory area– located on the superior temporal gyrus, receives nerve impulses from the cochlea of the
inner ear via the thalamus
Somatomotor area– occupies surface of the precentral gyrus of frontal lobe, provides movement of
specific muscular groups in conscious humans
Premotor area– large area anterior to the somatomotor area, exerts control over the motor area
Somatosensory area– located on postcentral gyrus of parietal bones, functions to localize origin of light, touch, and pressure sensations. Also determines organ position
Motor speech area– located in frontal lobe, above lateral cerebral fissure, anterior to somatomotor area,
exerts control over the muscles of the larynx and tongue that produce speech
Visual area– located on the occipital lobe, receives impulses from the retina via the thalamus.
Destruction of this region causes blindness
Auditory area– located on the superior temporal gyrus, receives nerve impulses from the cochlea of the inner ear via the thalamus
Know cranial nerves I, V, IX, XII, X
Olfactory (I) (1)– contains sensory fibers for the sense of smell
Trigeminal (V) (5)– largest cranial nerve and sends sensory signals from your face to the brain
Glossopharyngeal (IX) (9)– functions in reflexes of the heart, taste, and swallowing
Hypoglossal (XII) (12)– emerges from the medulla to innervate several muscles of the tongue
Vagus (X) (10)– responsible for the regulation of internal organ function such as digestion, heart rate, and respiratory rate.
Vagus (X) (10)– largest cranial nerve and sends sensory signals from your face to the brain
Glossopharyngeal (IX) (9)– functions in reflexes of the heart, taste, and swallowing
Hypoglossal (XII) (12)– emerges from the medulla to innervate several muscles of the tongue
Trigeminal (V) (5– responsible for the regulation of internal organ function such as digestion, heart rate, and respiratory rate.
Hypoglossal (XII) (12)– largest cranial nerve and sends sensory signals from your face to the brain
Glossopharyngeal (IX) (9)– functions in reflexes of the heart, taste, and swallowing
Trigeminal (V) (5)– emerges from the medulla to innervate several muscles of the tongue
Vagus (X) (10)– responsible for the regulation of internal organ function such as digestion, heart rate, and respiratory rate.
Trigeminal (V) (5)– largest cranial nerve and sends sensory signals from your face to the brain
Glossopharyngeal (IX) (9)– functions in reflexes of the heart, taste, and swallowing
Vagus (X) (10))– emerges from the medulla to innervate several muscles of the tongue
Hypoglossal (XII) (12)– responsible for the regulation of internal organ function such as digestion, heart rate, and respiratory rate.
Know the internal regions of the brain and their functions
Superior colliculi – keeps your body in a stable state (homeostasis)
Thalamus – relays information from your body senses (except smell) and sends to cerebral cortex for
interpretation
Pineal gland – helps control the circadian cycle of sleep and wakefulness by secreting melatonin
Hypothalamus– midbrain area where visual, auditory, and somatosensory information are integrated
to initiate motor commands
Optic nerve– transmits electrical impulses from the eyes to the brain
Thalamus– keeps your body in a stable state (homeostasis)
Hypothalamus – relays information from your body senses (except smell) and sends to cerebral cortex for
interpretation
Pineal gland – helps control the circadian cycle of sleep and wakefulness by secreting melatonin
Superior colliculi – midbrain area where visual, auditory, and somatosensory information are integrated
to initiate motor commands
Optic nerve– transmits electrical impulses from the eyes to the brain
Hypothalamus – keeps your body in a stable state (homeostasis)
Thalamus – relays information from your body senses (except smell) and sends to cerebral cortex for
interpretation
Optic nerve– helps control the circadian cycle of sleep and wakefulness by secreting melatonin
Superior colliculi – midbrain area where visual, auditory, and somatosensory information are integrated
to initiate motor commands
Pineal gland– transmits electrical impulses from the eyes to the brain
Hypothalamus – keeps your body in a stable state (homeostasis)
Thalamus – relays information from your body senses (except smell) and sends to cerebral cortex for
interpretation
Pineal gland – helps control the circadian cycle of sleep and wakefulness by secreting melatonin
Superior colliculi – midbrain area where visual, auditory, and somatosensory information are integrated
to initiate motor commands
Optic nerve– transmits electrical impulses from the eyes to the brain
