A force with its resultant passing through the centroid of a particular section and being perpendicular to the plane of the section. A force in a direction parallel to the long axis of the structure.

A condition where there are no net external forces acting upon a particle or rigid body and the body remains at rest or continues at a constant velocity.

A broad ridge or pair of ridges projecting at a right angle from the edge of a structural shape in order to strengthen or stiffen it.

The condition of a string, wire, or rod that is stretched between two points.

Mechanical property of a material that indicates the ability of the material to handle overloading before it fractures.

The geometric center of an area.

A surface or shape exposed by making a straight cut through something at right angles to the axis.

A mathematical property of a cross section that is concerned with a surface area and how that area is distributed about a centroidal axis.

The loss of the load-bearing ability of a material under repeated load application, as opposed to a single load.

The amount of plasticity that precedes failure.

The force acting across a unit area in a solid material

resisting the separation, compacting, or sliding that tends to be induced by external forces.

Change in the length of an object in some direction per unit.

A mechanical property ofla material that shows how

effective the material is absorbing mechanical energy without sustaining any permanent damage.

The ratio of the increment of some specified form of stress to the increment of some specified form of strain, such as loung's modulus, the bulk modulus, or the shear modulus. Also known as coefficient of

elasticit elasticity modulus, elastic modulu

The ratio of the increment of some specified form of stress to the increment of some specified form of strain, such as loung's modulus, the bulk modulus, or the shear modulus. Also known as coefficient of

elasticit elasticity modulus, elastic modulu