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Geology Final Review

Total questions: 79

Worksheet time: 59mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Where do most earthquakes occur?

a)
Volcanoes
b)
Tectonic plate boundaries
c)
Oceans
d)
Mountains
2.

Geologists use the ... test to determine the hardness of a mineral.

a)
Vickers
b)
Brinell
c)
Rockwell
d)

Scratch

3.

A rock may contain organic material? True or False?

a)
Maybe
b)
True
c)
False
d)
Unsure
4.

Which of these is not part of Earth’s crust?

a)
Mantle
b)
Outer core
c)
Inner core
d)
Atmosphere
5.

How old is the Earth?

a)
100 billion years
b)
1 million years
c)
10,000 years
d)
4.54 billion years
6.

Earth's continents were once joined as a single massive supercontinent called _____.

a)
Pangaea
b)
Atlantis
c)
Laurasia
d)
Gondwana
7.

What comes out of a volcano?

a)

Magma and Steam

b)

Lava

c)
Rocks and ash
d)
Water and fire
8.

Which state of matter is the earth's inner core?

a)

plasma

b)

liquid

c)

solid

d)

gas

9.

Which scientist is credited with the Theory of Plate Tectonics (modern version of the Theory of Continental Drift)?

a)

Alfred Wegener

b)

Charles Darwin

c)

Robert Hooke

d)

Charles Lyell

10.

What is geology?

a)

the study of rocks

b)

the study of history

c)

the study of maps

d)

the study of earth

11.

What was an evidence for plate tectonics that was claimed by the author of the theory?

a)

plate measurements

b)

knowledge of the mantle

c)

fossils on the coasts

d)

the movie Ice Age

12.

This layer of the earth is the thickest part

a)

crust

b)

outer core

c)

mantle

d)

inner core

13.

This layer of the earth is the thinnest part

a)

crust

b)

outer core

c)

mantle

d)

inner core

14.

Marie Tharp is credited with

a)

taking sonar measurements of ocean depths.

b)

being the first woman scientist

c)

translating Isaac Newton's Principia

d)

mapping the Atlantic seafloor.

15.

The waves of energy that travel through the earth's layers are

a)

scenic waves

b)

tidal waves

c)

cosmic waves

d)

seismic waves

16.

The theory of continental drift impacts land because

a)

It causes the land to move over time

b)

It causes sand and soil from one continent to “drift” into another through trade winds

c)

If you stand still long enough you can feel continents drifting beneath you

d)

All of the above

17.
TRUE OR FALSE:  A substance that flows quickly has high viscosity...
a)
True
b)
False
18.
Very explosive volcanoes tend to have
a)
Low viscosity magma
b)
Gases rich in sulfur dioxide
c)
gentle, sloping sides
d)
High viscosity magma
19.
As the temperature of lava increases, ________
a)
its viscosity decrease
b)
it begins to harden
c)
its viscosity increases
d)
it can flow a much short distance
20.

Tectonic plates are made of which layer of the Earth?

a)

Lower Mantle

b)

Asthenosphere

c)

Lithosphere

d)

Core

21.

 Circular movements through the mantle that cause tectonic plates to move.

a)

Continental drift

b)

Convection current

c)

Plate tectonics

d)

Lithosphere

22.

A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other is called?

a)
Divergent Boundary
b)
Convergent Boundary
c)
Transform Boundary
d)
Subduction
23.

A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other is called a?

a)
Convergent Boundary
b)
Divergent Boundary
c)
Transform Boundary
d)
Subduction
24.

When two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally, the boundary is called a…

a)

Divergent boundary

b)

Convergent boundary

c)

Transform boundary

d)

Subduction zone

25.
Convergent Plate Movement can create
a)
Rifts
b)
Mountains
c)
Ocean Ridges
d)
Radiation
26.

Mid-ocean ridges are associated with

a)

Divergent Boundaries

b)

Convergent Boundaries

c)

Normal Boundaries

d)

Transform Boundaries

27.

When pressure builds between two tectonic plates in a transform boundary, it can suddenly release causing a (an) ______.

a)
Earthquake
b)
Volcano
c)
Convection Current
d)
Gravitational Pull
28.
What are the 3 major types of rocks?
a)
Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic, Igneous, Cementation
c)
Brown, Red, Gray
d)
Streak, Hardness, Breakage
29.
This rock formed when bits of other rocks became pressed into a solid. What type of rock is it?
a)
Sedimentary Rock
b)
Metamorphic Rock
c)
Igneous Rock
30.

This rock was formed when magma cooled into a solid. What type of rock is it?

a)
Igneous Rock
b)
Metamorphic Rock
c)
Sedimentary Rock
31.
When sediments are pressed together tightly, this is called ____________.
a)
Compaction
b)
Cementation
c)
Weathering
d)
Erosion
32.
True or False: Once a rock is sedimentary, it cannot become an igneous rock.
a)
True
b)
False
33.

The process by which metamorphic rock changes to igneous rock begins with

a)

melting

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

crystallization

34.
The process by which igneous rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure
b)
melting and cooling
c)
weathering and erosion
35.
The process by which metamorphic rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure
b)
erosion and deposition
c)
melting and cooling
36.
The name rock is given when it is broken down into smaller pieces.
a)
texture
b)
weathering
c)
sediment
d)
erosion
37.
What is process in which water, wind, and heat break down rock?
a)
weathering
b)
exfoliation
c)
cementation
d)
composition
38.

How does an igneous rock turn into a sedimentary rock?

a)

It cools

b)

It melts

c)

It has to turn into sediments first

d)

Heat and pressure

39.

The process in which rock or debris gets carried away by wind or water

a)

Erosion

b)

Deposition

c)

Weathering

d)

Traveling

40.

What will occur at a convergent: subduction boundary?

a)

Earthquake

b)

Mountain

c)

Volcano

d)

Valley or Ridge

41.

What will occur at a divergent boundary?

a)

Earthquake

b)

Mountain

c)

Volcano

d)

Valley or Ridge

42.

When a piece of sediment gets added to a landform it is called?

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

43.

What evidence did geologists use to prove that Pangea used to exist?

a)

Fossil evidence

b)

Old stories from humans

c)

They didn't

44.
Which of the following best defines a mineral and a rock?
a)
In a mineral the constituent atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of different mineral grains.
b)
A mineral consists of its constituent atoms arranged in a geometrically repetitive structure; in a rock, the atoms are randomly bonded without any geometric pattern.
c)
A rock has an orderly, repetitive, geometrical, internal arrangement of minerals; a mineral is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of rocks.
d)
A rock consists of atoms bonded in a regular, geometrically predictable arrangement; a mineral is a consolidated aggregate of different rock particles.
45.
The strong tendency of certain minerals to break along smooth, parallel planes is known as _______.
a)
Cleavage
b)
Crystal Form
c)
Cracking Luster
d)
Streak
46.
Which of the following describes the light reflecting and transmission characteristics of a mineral?
a)
Fluorescense
b)
Luster
c)
Virtual Absorption
d)
Color Streak
47.

Which landform below is created by wind?

a)

A delta

b)

A mountain range

c)

Rolling Hills

d)

Sand dunes

48.

Stalactites and stalagmites are formed when . .

a)

water erodes the rest of the rock away creating the stalactites and stalagmites

b)

wind weathers the rest of the rock away creating the stalactites and stalagmites

c)

water drips slowly into the cave leaving mineral deposits behind when the water evaporates creating the stalactites and stalagmites

d)

ice wedging breaks rocks creating stalactites and stalagmites

49.

Some landforms are created by constructive processes and some are created by destructive processes. Which landform below is created by constructive processes

a)

sea arch

b)

sea stacks

c)

hills

d)

caves

50.

Fossil fuels form when

a)

dinosaurs were died in swamps creating fossil fuels

b)

plants were buried in swamps creating fossil fuels

c)

millions of years are needed to create fossil fuels

d)

dead plants and marine animals were buried underneath sediment and exposed to heat and pressure over millions of years

51.
Which layer would be the oldest?
a)
siltstone
b)
sandstone
c)
conglomerate
d)
mudstone
52.

What is the correct order of processes changing the Earth's surface?

a)

weathering-deposition-erosion

b)

deposition-weathering-erosion

c)

erosion-weathering-deposition

d)

weathering-erosion-deposition

53.

A giant, slow moving sheet of ice and snow.

a)

avalanche

b)

glacier

c)

mudslide

d)

earthquake

54.

Which layer is OLDER? Layer M or Intrusion P?

a)

Layer M

b)

Intrusion P

55.
The Law of Superposition helps scientists to determine what?
a)
The absolute age of rock layers
b)
The age of fossils
c)
The relative age of rock layers
d)
the super powers of rocks
56.
This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
57.
Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
A, B, C, D, E
b)
E, B, C, D, A
c)
E, D, C, B, A
d)
C, B, A, D, E
58.

the continuous process by which water is circulated throughout the earth through various processes

a)

precipitation

b)

codensation

c)

water cycle

d)

evaporation

59.

when water in the clouds gets too heavy, the water falls back to the Earth as rain, sleet, snow, hail, mist, etc.

a)

precipitation

b)

codensation

c)

transpiration

d)

evaporation

60.

the process of a gas changing to a liquid (gas to liquid) as it cools

a)

precipitation

b)

codensation

c)

transpiration

d)

evaporation

61.

the process of a liquid changing to a gas at the surface of a liquid (liquid to gas)

a)

precipitation

b)

codensation

c)

water cycle

d)

evaporation

62.

evaporation of water from plants (plants sweating)

a)

precipitation

b)

codensation

c)

transpiration

d)

evaporation

63.

the process in which water pools in large bodies like oceans, seas, and lakes

a)

surface runoff

b)

groundwater

c)

accumulation

d)

subsurface runoff

64.

water from precipitation that flows over Earth’s surface

a)

surface runoff

b)

groundwater

c)

accumulation

d)

subsurface runoff

65.

water that seeps down into the soil

a)

sublimation

b)

infiltration

c)

percolation

66.

area where the zone of aeration and zone of saturation meet

a)

water cycle

b)

recharge zone

c)

water table

67.

an area underground with water filled pores

a)

zone of saturation

b)

recharge zone

c)

zone of aeration

68.

underground rock layers that store and allow the flow of water

a)

permeability

b)

aquifer

c)

porosity

69.

rocks ability to let water pass through it

a)

permeability

b)

aquifer

c)

porosity

70.

amount of open space between rock particles

a)

permeability

b)

aquifer

c)

porosity

71.

The hydrologic compartment that contains the greatest amount of fresh water is

a)

Groundwater

b)

The Great Lakes

c)

Ice and snow

d)

Clouds in the atmosphere

72.

Streams, rivers, and lakes are examples of...

a)

surface water

b)

ground water

c)

aquifers

d)

water tables

73.

About ______________ of Earth is covered in water.

a)

3%

b)

50%

c)

70%

d)

90%

74.

Materials that water can pass through are called...

a)

impermeable

b)

runoff

c)

pores

d)

permeable

75.

What percentage of all water on Earth is fresh?

a)

75%

b)

3%

c)

97%

d)

66%

76.
What is the relationship between groundwater and surface water?
a)
Surface water percolates (moves) through the soil to form groundwater.
b)
There is no relationship between surface and groundwater.
c)

All surface water begins as groundwater that moves upwards.

d)

All surface water is saltwater, which becomes fresh upon percolating into soil.

77.

What does the water table separate?

a)

saturated zone and impermeable zone

b)

saturated zone and unsaturated zone

c)

unsaturated zone and surface

d)

surface and impermeable zone

78.

What are characteristics of a good aquifer?

a)

high permeability and low porosity

b)

low permeability and high porosity

c)

high permeability and high porosity

d)

low permeability and low porosity

79.

Why can this well access groundwater?

a)

Because it extends down below the water table.

b)

It can't, because the water table is too low.

c)

Because it does not extend below the water table.

d)

Because it is built in impermeable ground.

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