a boaster; boastful 吹牛的

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a hiding place

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the act of making clear or understandable

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sad, without hope

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to steal property entrusted to one's care

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causing feelings of great sadness

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unhurried

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unnaturally sleeply

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a sickness

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ripe, to become gentle and sweet

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people travel from place to place rather than living in one place all the time.

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one piece at a time; gradually

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a search; to search

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by chance

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so speak wildly and noisily

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to make stronger

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isolation ftom others

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a person's condition

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a state of great confuion or disorder

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The change in position of an object over time.

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A fixed point used to determine the position or motion of an object.

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The rate at which an object covers distance.

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The speed of an object in a particular direction.

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The total distance traveled divided by the total time taken.

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A measure of the steepness or incline of a surface, often used in graphs of motion.

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The rate of change of a physical quantity (like temperature or pressure) over a distance.

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The speed of an object at a specific moment in time.

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A device used to measure time intervals in physics experiments.

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A quantity that has both magnitude and direction, such as velocity.

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A quantity that has only magnitude, such as temperature or mass.

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An interaction that changes the motion of an object if unopposed.

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The SI unit of force, equal to the force that gives a mass of one kilogram an acceleration of one m/s².

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The overall force acting on an object when all the individual forces acting on it are combined.

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Newton's third law stating that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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A scale that measures weight or force by the stiffness of springs.

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The amount of matter in an object, usually measured in kilograms or grams.

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The force exerted on an object due to gravity, measured in newtons.

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The force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass.

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The resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.

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The act of applying force to move something away.

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The resistance created by two objects sliding against each other.

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The friction that exists between a stationary object and the surface on which it's resting.

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The resistance to an object's motion through a fluid or along its surface.

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The resistance that occurs when an object rolls over a surface.

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The resistance of any physical object to any change in its state of motion.

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A double layer of phospholipids that forms the primary structure of cell membranes, with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

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Having an affinity for water; water-loving. Molecules with this property tend to dissolve in or mix well with water.

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Repelling, tending not to combine with, or incapable of dissolving in water.

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A type of lipid molecule that is present in cell membranes, where it helps maintain fluidity and integrity.

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Lipids with a carbohydrate attached. They play a role in cell recognition and interaction.

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Proteins that have carbohydrate groups attached to the polypeptide chain. They are integral to cell membranes and involved in cell recognition.

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The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the need for energy.

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The diffusion of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.

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The process of spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.

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The movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input.

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The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient, requiring energy.

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A type of active transport mechanism that moves ions or molecules against their concentration gradient, often using ATP as the energy source.

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Transport of materials within a cell in vesicles—small sacs that bud from one part of the cell, move to another part, and fuse with the membrane to release their contents.

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The process by which cells take in substances by engulfing them in a membrane.

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The process by which contents of a cell are released to the exterior through fusion of the vesicle membrane with the cell membrane.

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A form of endocytosis where large particles are engulfed by the cell membrane and internalized in a vesicle.

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A form of endocytosis where cells ingest extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.

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A specific type of endocytosis by which cells internalize molecules (ligands) by the inward budding of vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being internalized.

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A solution that has a higher solute concentration compared to another solution, leading to net movement of water out of the cell.

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A solution that has the same solute concentration as another solution, resulting in no net water movement across the cell membrane.

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A solution that has a lower solute concentration compared to another solution, leading to net movement of water into the cell.

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A membrane that allows some molecules or ions to pass through by diffusion and occasionally specialized "facilitated diffusion".

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A protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane.

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A membrane protein that facilitates the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane.

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The gradual difference in concentration of a dissolved substance in a solution between a region of high density and one of lower density.

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The potential energy of water per unit volume relative to pure water, which allows for the prediction of the movement of water from one area to another.

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The difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell.

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Adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that carries energy within cells. It is the main energy currency of the cell, and it is an end product of cellular processes like photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

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