Chloroplasts are found mainly in cells of

A typical mesophyll cell has _____ chloroplasts

The chlorophyll is in the membranes of

Photosynthesis can be summarized as the following equation

Photosynthesis is a redox process in which H2O is

Photosynthesis is a redox process in which CO2 is

what are the 2 stages of photosynthesis

Substances that absorb visible light are known as

leaves are green because Chlorophyll molecules of chloroplast absorb ____ and emit green light

Spectrophotometer is an instrument for

The light reactions in the thylakoids Generate ATP from ADP by

(3 types of pigments)
• participates directly in the light reactions
• Absorbs light
• Can be found in all photosynthetic plants, algae and cyanobacteria.

(3 types of pigments)

• the accessory pigment
• Absorbs light
• Can be found in plants and green algae

(3 types of pigments)

• group of accessory pigment

• Absorb violet and blue-green light
• Absorb excess energy and dissipate it as heat

Photosystem is

(Thylakoid membrane ps I & ps II)

The reaction-center chlorophyll a of photosystem II is known as

(Thylakoid membrane ps I & ps II)

• the reaction-center complex of photosystem I is called

(3 Phases of Calvin Cycle)

The Calvin cycle incorporates each CO2 molecule, by attaching it ribulose bisphosphate (abbreviated RuBP). The enzyme that catalyzes this first step is RuBP carboxylase, or rubisco. The product of the reaction is a six-carbon intermediate

(3 Phases of Calvin Cycle)

Each molecule of 3- phosphoglycerate receives an additional phosphate group from ATP, becoming 1,3 diphosphoglycerate. Next, a pair of electrons donated from NADPH reduces 1,3 diphosphoglycerate, which also loses a phosphate group, becoming G3P. There are six molecules of G3P formed (G3P is a sugar—the same three- carbon sugar formed in glycolysis by the splitting of glucose).

(3 Phases of Calvin Cycle)

G3P are rearranged by the last steps of the Calvin cycle into three molecules of RuBP. To accomplish this, the cycle spends three more molecules of ATP. The RuBP is now prepared to receive CO2 again, and the cycle continues.

For the net synthesis of one G3P molecule:

The Calvin cycle consumes a total of:

How many molecules of ATP?

How many molecules of NADPH?

This mechanical analogy involving photosystem I

& photosystem II is an analogy for?

An alternative path that uses photosystem I

but not photosystem II

In this alternative path there is no

production of NADPH and no

release of oxygen