Sparks will retain their heat for several seconds, which is often enough time to ignite combustible material.

If compressed gas cylinders are damaged, gas cannot be extracted from the cylinder.

Torches should only be lit with friction lighters.

Acetylene cylinders must be kept in an upright position to prevent acetone (solvent used to dissolve the acetylene) from spewing out with the gas.

Brazed joints, with cup-joint fittings, are used where greater strength is required or where system operating temperatures are as high as 250*F

In actual practice, nearly all soldering is done at temperatures below 600*F and most is done at about 450*F to 500*F.

Both soldered and brazed joints are made by heating a properly prepared joint to the correct temperature and flowing a filler metal by capillary action into a cup-joint fitting.

Brazed joints have limited use for domestic water and cannot be used in steam, hot water heating, refrigeration or medical gas piping systems.

Because of the thinness of its wall, copper tube is not normally threaded.

It is not possible to use the tube of one manufacturer with the fittings of another manufacturer without any installation problems.

The distinction between seamless copper tube and pipe is important because they are made to the same specification standard but have different uses.

Special cleanliness requirements for medical gas tube are required because oxygen under pressure may cause the spontaneous combustion of some organic oils.

Copper-to-copper joints shall be made using a copper-phosphorus brazing filler metal without flux.

In a high-rise building, anchors in concrete floors should be used to prevent lateral movement of tube.

The location of a heating panel is relatively unimportant for the comfort of room occupants.

Expansion and contraction of irrigation systems should not be a problem as long as lines are not rigidly anchored.

Since the high-temperature would destroy the color marking of a tube if applied, hard temper tube is not color marked.

Although copper tube is available in many sizes and wall thicknesses from several producers, it is all manufactured and distributed according to specifications established by the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM).

Medical gas tube is only available in hard drawn temper in sizes 1/4- inch to 8-inch of Types K AND M

During brazing in a healthcare facility, the system shall be continuously purged with oil-free dry nitrogen to prevent the formation of scale within the tubing.

The solution temperature entering the snow melting coils in a snow-melting system should be 150*F to 180*F.

Solars are classified as alloys because they consist of two or more metals.

For drinking water systems, solders that do not contain lead must be used.

The new lead-free solder is considered easy to work with because of its low initial melting point and narrow melting range.

The pasty range of a solder is the same as the melting range of a brazing filler metal.

The primary purpose of a flux is to chemically clean the surface of the tube ...

Flux should be applied to a cleaned metal surface with a brush or swab, never a person's fingers

Successful soldering cannot be done with brazing flux, nor can brazing be done if a soldering flux is used.

The least common fluxes available for soldered joints in copper tube are compounds of zinc chloride and/or ammonium chloride with a petroleum or water flushable base.

The most widely used solders for making solder joints on copper tube are 50-50 tin-lead and 95-5 tin-antimony

Fluxes can be classified in three general groups: highly corrosive, intermediate, and non-corrosive.

Copper tube may be cut with a hacksaw, an abrasive wheel, a stationary or portable band saw or a roller cutter.

When a tube is cut with any method, it is necessary to chamfer the end of the tube when cutting and deburring it.

The capillary space between a tube and fitting is approximately .05

A thin, even coating of flux should be applied with a brush to both tube and fittings.

Flux is damp and greasy and will pick up dust and dirt

In vertical runs, tubes should be supported at the top and bottom of the pieces being joined

If proper support is not given to a tube, the tube may straighten after it has been joined with another tube or fitting.

Joint preparation and assembly are the most important procedures required in soldering and brazing operations