a city that is its own political unit and has its own ruling

a command; a responsibility given by an authority

a social organization in which kings, lords, and peasants are bound together by mutual obligations

a member of high social class

a record of events

the study of ideas about knowledge, life, and truths; literally, the love of wisdom

deep respect for one's parents

a high moral standard

the study of the stars, plants, and other features of outer space

a channel dug by people; use by boats or for irrigation