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WorksheetsBIOS 102 CH. 1/22
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins
what are the 5 unifying themes of biology?
(a) is a process of biological change in which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time (descent with modification)
define emergent properties
What is the genetic material that encodes for all of the cells proteins
(a)
Explain the concept of evolution and its importance in biology.
How does the scientific process contribute to our understanding of biology?
What does it mean that organisms have a nearly universal genetic code?
descent with modification
(a)
inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments
(a)
What is descent with modification by natural selection and how does it explain the adaptations of organisms and the unity and diversity of life?
What is the scientific evidence that supports the theory of evolution? (3 points)
Both birds and mammals independently evolved a four-chambered heart
which would then be considered a (a) trait
This fossil is famous in evolution because it represented a "missing link"
between reptiles and birds
(a)
What types of organisms would you not expect to see on an oceanic
island?
Which mechanism is the only one that produces adaptive evolution?
(a)
About 13 different species of finches inhabit the Galápagos Islands today, all descendants of a common ancestor from the South American mainland that arrived a few million years ago. Genetically, there are four distinct lineages, but the 13 species are currently classified among three genera. The first lineage to diverge from the ancestral lineage was the warbler finch (genus Certhidea). Next to diverge was the vegetarian finch (genus Camarhynchus), followed by five tree finch species (also in genus Camarhynchus) and six ground finch species (genus Geospiza).
If the six ground finch species have evolved most recently, then which of these is the most logical prediction?
The chances of hybridization between two ground finch species should be less than the chances of hybridization between two tree finch species.
They should be limited to the six islands that most recently emerged from the sea.
They should share fewer anatomical homologies with each other than they share with the tree finches.
Their genomes should be more similar to each other than are the genomes of the five tree finch species.
The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similar skeletal structures, whereas the corresponding bones in whales have very different shapes and proportions. However, genetic data suggest that all three kinds of organisms diverged from a common ancestor at about the same time. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these data?
Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted in significant changes to whale forelimb anatomy.
Forelimb evolution was adaptive in people and bats, but not in whales.
Humans and bats evolved by natural selection, and whales evolved by Lamarckian mechanisms.
Genes mutate faster in whales than in humans or bats
Ichthyosaurs were aquatic dinosaurs. Fossils show us that they had dorsal fins and tails, as do fish, even though their closest relatives were terrestrial reptiles that had neither dorsal fins nor aquatic tails. The dorsal fins and tails of ichthyosaurs and fish are
adaptations to a common environment.
examples of convergent evolution
homologous
Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth?
All organisms have undergone evolution
All organisms use essentially the same genetic code.
All organisms show heritable variation.
evolution by natural selection
new species arise from existing ones through gradual changes over many generations
catastrophic events caused extinctions in particular areas
regions were later repopulated by a different set of species that immigrated
geologic change results from slow, continuous actions rather than from sudden events
Earth must be much older than a few thousand years
same geologic processes that are operating today also operated in the past, at the same rate
organisms could pass modifications to their offspring
giraffe had evolved over many generations as giraffes stretched their necks even higher
What term defines natural selection causing development of similar traits in unrelated organisms?
Find 3 examples.
Starting with DNA, list the steps needed to get to Proteins (Specifically what are those steps called).
What is another example of unity of life?
Briefly explain the theory of endosymbiosis in terms of mitochondria
Are Eutrophic freshwaters high or low in nutrients? What is the term for the opposite? Are Eutrophic
freshwaters high or low in species diversity?
What term defines freshwaters with blooms of algea and weedy plants?
(a)
