Worksheetsquestion quiz
Total questions: 160
Worksheet time: 1hrs 20mins
All of the following describe the Atlantic slave system except
an economically efficient system of labor organization.
a vast system of exploitation that negatively impacted millions of individuals.
a source of corrosion of African political and social structures.
the first instance of contact between African and European civilizations.
According to mercantilist theory, a national economy could only grow if the home country
and its colonies were to trade exclusively with each other.
were to forge a trade-tight system of national commerce.
imposed navigation laws and tariffs on its colonies.
All of these answers are correct.
Conquistadores are best described as
Franciscan missionaries who sought to "conquer" souls for God.
Dutch mercenaries who took over the Portuguese trading outposts in Asia.
Portuguese navigators who discovered the sea-route around Africa.
Spanish adventurers who sought to gain wealth and glory for themselves.
Why were the Spanish able to conquer the Aztecs?
European diseases decimated native American tribes.
The Spanish military technology was superior.
There were insurrections among Aztec subject peoples.
All of these answers are correct.
Francisco Pizarro was able to conquer the Incas because
his army outnumbered the Incas, and his army had superior weapons.
the Incas thought he was a god.
he deceived, captured, and killed the Inca emperor.
All of these answers are correct.
Bartolomé de Las Casas believed that
Native Americans could not be successfully converted to Christianity.
the Black Legend was false.
conquest was not necessary for the conversion of Native Americans.
religious conversion should not be a priority in the New World.
Besides the introduction of diseases, the Columbian Exchange affected the people of the Americas by
increasing the sources of protein in their diet.
introducing animals that could be used for transportation and warfare.
introducing crops that could most efficiently be cultivated by slave labor.
All of these answers are correct.
According to an un-named friar, a mita was a
method of forced labor exacted from the native peoples.
a Spanish mining foreman.
a unit used to measure silver for transport to Lima.
the largest and most unhealthy of Potosi's silver mines.
The responsibility of the Casa de Contratación was to
maintain control of the sea lanes.
regulate trade with the New World.
act as a consultative body for the Viceroy.
act as a court of appeals in the New World.
The economies of the Spanish colonies in Latin America were dominated by
handicraft production of luxury goods.
mining and ranching.
banking and transportation.
None of these answers are correct.
The repartimiento
required adult male Indians to devote a particular number of days of labor annually to Spanish economic enterprises.
were Spanish labor managers who supervised Indian labor.
was a formal grant of land by the Spanish Crown to nobles.
All of these answers are correct.
The encomienda was a
land grant given in return for the promise of military service.
grant awarding colonists the right to the labor of Native Americans.
complicated system of bullion trade.
trading contract.
The flota system was
the chief method for bringing slaves to Spanish colonies.
an attempt to regulate Spanish trade in the New World.
an extremely efficient method of extracting the wealth of the New World.
used by Spain to convert Native Americans to Catholicism.
The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
divided the empires of Spain and Portugal.
gave Spain sole claim to all the lands of the Americas.
was drafted and enforced by the Holy Roman Emperor.
granted the asiento on Spanish slaves to the Dutch.
Most of the African slaves taken to the New World went to
the English colonies in North America.
sugar plantations in Brazil and the Caribbean.
the farms and mines of Spanish Mexico.
Spanish factories in Central America and the Andes.
English colonies in North America were different from Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Latin America because they
were more suspicious of royal power and enjoyed more self-government.
were not cruel or violent when colonizing lands.
developed more thorough plantation-style economies.
were more dedicated to missionary work among the Native Americans.
The English founded colonies in North America for all of the following reasons except the desire
for religious liberty.
to gain riches from farming and trade.
to provide refuge for debtors.
to convert Native Americans.
Slavery
became prominent in sub-Saharan Africa only in the 16th century.
was limited to European traders in sub-Saharan Africa.
was not practiced by Islamic states in North Africa.
None of these answers are correct.
The occidental slave trade of the Europeans particularly disrupted
East Africa.
North Africa.
West and Central Africa.
South Africa.
The relationship between slave-trading and the general development of trade within Africa was
the slave trade inevitably detracted from the development of other forms of trade.
unknown to present historians, though the slave trade detracted from economic development overall.
the slave trade inevitably stimulated the development of other forms of trade.
the population increases that resulted from the slave trade probably stimulated trade.
The Chinese response to Jesuit priests who attempted to introduce science into their societies was
hostility.
general indifference.
intense curiosity.
confusion.
The fundamental similarity between Chinese and Japanese culture in the nineteenth century was based on
Buddhism.
societal patterns.
Confucianism.
commercial contacts.
Under the Ming dynasty, Chinese population
remained relatively stable.
moved from south to north.
grew significantly.
declined overall.
China's third commercial revolution was based primarily on
a surge of population.
the importation of silver.
the relaxation of government controls.
All of these answers are correct.
In Ming-Qing times, government was characterized by
an increasingly well-funded and extensive bureaucracy.
limitations on the power of the emperor.
a greater integration of the Chinese world view.
a lessening of Confucian influence.
Confucianism in imperial China advocated the idea that
society was matriarchal.
the state is identified with the family.
the emperor should be accessible to his people.
commerce was not as important as agriculture.
The Manchu desire to maintain themselves as an ethnically separate elite group can be seen in all of the following policies except the
separation of armed forces by banner.
enactment of laws forbidding marriages between Chinese and Manchu elites.
movement of the capital from Mukden to Beijing.
closing off of sections of Manchuria to Chinese immigrants.
The mandarins were
provincial leaders.
powerful bureaucrats.
military leaders during the Ming-Qing era.
bankers and money managers.
The Ming-Qing foreign policy can best be described as
ambiguous.
ambivalent.
aggressive.
weak and wavering.
All of the following were economic innovations during the third commercial revolution in China except the
putting out system for textile manufacture.
creation of a national economic system.
expansion of the significance of market towns.
growth of trade in staple items.
The chief threat to the Ming dynasty were the
Mongols.
Koreans.
Russians.
Portuguese.
Zheng He's experiences showed the
lack of interest in maritime exploration by the Chinese.
desire of the Ming emperors to spread Buddhism to the furthest regions of the empire.
economic competition between the Chinese and European powers.
scientific curiosity of the Manchu about the outside world.
The Japanese Warring States era ended with the
Japanese empire divided into hundreds of tiny warring daimyos.
colonial occupation of the islands by Portugal, England, and The Netherlands.
imperial capital moving from Kyoto to Tokyo.
national unification under the Tokugawa shoguns.
"Vermillion-seal trade" refers to trade
officially sanctioned by the Japanese ruler.
in dyestuffs between China and Japan.
legally permitted between Europeans and Chinese.
illicitly carried on by Japanese pirate-merchants.
All of the following are reasons Christianity was more accepted in Japan than in China except
the similar roles played by Japanese and Christian holy figures.
the doctrinal similarities between Pure Land Buddhism and Christianity.
that the Jesuits exemplified strong personal examples of the benefits of Christianity.
that the Japanese rulers lacked the strength to ban it.
Under the Tokugawa, all of the following methods were used to control and to stabilize society except
strict legal codes.
the hostage system.
the seclusion policy.
the elimination of domains.
The Chinese influence on Japan, Korea, and Vietnam included all of the following except
the acceptance and dissemination of Buddhism.
the use of the Chinese alphabet and language.
application of Confucian principles to government.
the adoption of Chinese technology.
The Vietnamese used all of the following Chinese techniques to build their government except
civil service examinations.
the Mandate of Heaven.
Legalist principles of law and order.
land taxes.
The Nguyen dynasty in 19th century Vietnam
instituted Dutch studies throughout the educational system.
sought Chinese assistance in resisting French military incursions.
sought French assistance in resisting Chinese military incursions.
rejected French influence and adopted elements of Chinese governance.
Vietnam's Le Thanh Tong weakened the nobility by
revoking a Chinese-type land tax.
holding civil service examinations for the selection of officials.
consolidating the provinces into one nation-state.
removing the ranking systems for civil and military officials.
Which of the following is true about Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
Many states consolidated themselves into stronger, more aggressive political units.
The economies took their first steps toward industrialization.
Food supplies stabilized, and population increased.
All of these answers are correct.
The Puritans were
Calvinists who wanted to purify the Anglican church.
Lutherans who wanted to purify the Reformed church.
Protestants who wanted to purify the Catholic church.
Quakers who wanted to purify the Protestant faith.
Parliament readily supported the monarchy of Charles II because of their
dissatisfaction with Cromwell's Puritan republic.
regret over the execution of Charles I.
desire to start a new dynasty.
belief in the divine right of kings.
Politically, the Glorious Revolution replaced
James II with William and Mary.
James II with Mary I.
Charles II with Anne I.
George II with George III.
After his invasion in 1688, William of Orange recognized a Bill of Rights that accomplished all of the following except
limiting the powers of the monarchy.
guaranteeing civil liberties to privileged Englishmen.
prohibiting Roman Catholics from occupying the English throne.
allowing for full religious toleration in England and its empire.
Which phrase best sums up the spirit of Louis XIV's government?
"traditional liberties"
"I am the state"
"the Sufferer"
"thorough"
The revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV led to all of the following except
the emigration of a quarter million French.
baptism of Protestant children as Catholics.
the closing of Protestant schools.
the end of the French wars of religion.
The French state turned absolutist for all of the following reasons except
the chaos of the wars of religion leading people to support a strong ruler.
Louis XIV's experience of the Fronde causing him to fear the power of the nobility.
the relative homogeneity of the population in terms of religion and language.
Bossuet's philosophical and religious defense of the divine right of kings.
A major goal of Peter the Great's reforms was to
increase the military power of Russia.
promote religious toleration.
oppose Westernization.
gain noble support through protecting birthrights.
The German landowning nobility of Prussia was known as the
boyars.
Magyars
Junkers.
cabinet.
The ancien regime refers to
the medieval monarchy of France.
the "old regime" before the reign of Louis XIV.
social, economic, and political relationships in France before 1789.
the glorious years of ancient Greece and Rome.
Probably the most striking feature of the Old Regime was the
closeness of family life.
strength and unity of monarchies on the Continent.
contrast in the lives and experiences of people in different social ranks.
great difference between English and French nobility.
The concept of "family economy" maintained that
households often lived at subsistence level.
families had a responsibility to save money.
the household was the fundamental unit of production and consumption.
women did not have to work.
The innovations that drove the agricultural revolution seem to have originated with
peasants, who were desperate to feed their increasingly large families.
urban artisans, who introduced their workshop techniques to their extended family members who lived on farms.
rulers, who were eager to increase their military strength by increasing their population.
landlords, whose earnings had increased because their products were valuable to a growing population.
The Industrial Revolution started in Britain for all of the following reasons except
the lack of internal barriers to trade.
the stability of the political structure.
taxation was not especially heavy.
the availability of raw materials.
The steam engine made possible the
unemployment of thousands of people.
industrialization of many areas of production.
end of serfdom in Europe.
cottage industries of the 18th century.
In what ways did colonies contribute to the process of industrialization in Britain?
They furnished raw materials for manufacturers, but were too poor to buy British manufactured goods.
They bought British manufactured goods only.
They provided labor in offshore sweatshops.
They furnished raw materials for manufacturers and provided a market for British manufactured goods.
Henry Cort's rolling mill
produced a purer iron.
employed a steam engine for extracting high-quality coal from remote mines.
produced iron bars, rails, and other forms from molten metal.
allowed for mobile processing of wheat, so fresh flour was available even in rural areas
Which of the following statements best explains the growing tension between the aristocracy and the middle class?
The middle class sympathized with the downtrodden artisans.
The middle class lived in the city; the aristocracy in the countryside.
The aristocracy refused to share power with the middle class.
The middle class had no respect for the aristocratic lifestyle.
During the early modern period, urban Jews were confined to areas called
enclosures
ghettos.
colonies.
None of these answers are correct.
Which of the following was among the last great empires of the Islamic world?
the Ottoman
the Mughal
the Safavid
All of these answers are correct.
Süleyman the Magnificent and his Ottoman armies laid siege to which city from 1526 to 1529?
Constantinople
Budapest
Belgrade
Vienna
The successful expansion of the Ottoman Empire was based primarily on
the subjugation of religion to the state.
the size and loyalty of its armed forces.
a highly efficient system of tax collection.
the stability of its ruling classes.
In the 16th century Ottoman Empire, the ulama
opposed the ruling institution of the state in a civil war.
began to recruit both men and women.
became a branch of the state under a single religious authority.
suffered from a decline in social status.
The primary function of the millets under the Ottoman Empire was to
discriminate against non-Muslim residents in the empire.
interpret religious laws and teach religious doctrines.
take full responsibility for the well being of each member of the community.
recruit elite military troops.
Which of these was an arm of the government and single religious authority over Muslim scholars in the Ottoman Empire?
ulama
Sheriff
Grand Mufti
None of these answers are correct.
By the 17th century, a common urban culture developed in the disparate parts of the Ottoman Empire because of the rise of the
coffeehouse.
millet.
ulama
nobility.
Ottoman power declined for all of the following reasons except
governmental decentralization.
religious fanaticism.
military corruption.
lack of industrialization.
Members of the Safavid Dynasty were adherents of a militant
Sunnism.
Shi'ism.
Sufism.
Sikhism.
The Safavid Empire declined for all of the following reasons except
an invasion from North India by the Chaghatay army.
economic decline.
increasing landholding power of the Shi'ite ulama.
pressure from Ottoman and Uzbek armies.
All of the following were lasting legacies of Safavid rule except
dominance of Persian culture.
religious unity with the Sunni Afghans.
the Shi'ite character of the Iranian region.
the emergence of a distinctly Shi'ite piety.
The monumental architecture during the Safavid period is famous for its
simplicity and lack of embellishment.
spontaneity and lack of coherent structure.
use of ceramic tiles to decorate in lavish fashion the facades and domes of buildings.
"illuminationist" approach to design.
Akbar can best be described as a
great builder who dedicated the Taj Mahal to his beloved consort.
reformer and person of broad curiosity.
foresighted ruler who permitted English merchants to establish trading posts.
great conqueror who brought the Deccan Wolby under Mughal control.
The following all contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire except:
the dominance of the British East India Company.
the rise of the powerful Hindu state of Ceylon.
British and French military victories at Mughal expense.
the invasions of Afghan tribal leader Ahmad Shah Durrani.
The Sikhs
were protected by Awrangzeb.
founded their own empire about 1646.
rejected Islam in favor of their own moralistic reformist ideals.
tried to bridge the gap in doctrine between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims.
The division between Shi'ite and Sunni states resulted in all of the following except
Arabic was no longer considered the language of the Qu'ran.
new Persian-language literature was no longer considered part of the shared Islamic culture.
the disruption of trading networks.
the isolation of Central Asia.
In the 16th century, Muslims began to be displaced on the west coast of India by
Hindu traders.
Portuguese traders.
Indian Buddhists.
Spanish conquistadores.
The authors suggest that Islamization generally correlates with
trade and urbanization.
nomadism.
Buddhism.
militarism.
In the 18th century, the main competitors with the state of Acheh were the
Dutch.
Portuguese.
Ottomans.
Hindus.
The Philippines were
ceded by the Dutch to Spain in the eighteenth century.
controlled by Hindu and Buddhist traders.
seized from the Spanish by the Islamic state of Acheh in the seventeenth century.
conquered by the Spanish in the sixteenth century.
The Scientific Revolution was revolutionary in the sense that it
involved thousands of people in the pursuit of scientific goals.
set the standard for evaluating knowledge in the Western world.
rejected all traditional knowledge in favor of new discoveries.
led to the replacement of the craftsman with the scientist.
Copernicus's main contribution to the Scientific Revolution was
a new emphasis on empirical observation.
the suggestion that the earth moved around the sun in a circle.
the use of the telescope to compile accurate astronomical data.
the suggestion that the orbits of planets were elliptical.
An advantage of the Copernican system was that it
coordinated with the established university curriculum.
explained planetary movement with more mathematical consistency and elegance.
fit closely with Aristotelian physics.
provided a physical space for heaven and God.
Johannes Kepler
vigorously opposed Copernican theory.
publicized the Copernican theory by writing popular books.
provided data to help prove the Copernican theory.
devised mathematical formulas to explain the Copernican universe.
Galileo Galilei
vigorously opposed Copernican theory.
publicized the Copernican theory by writing popular books.
provided data to help prove the Copernican theory.
devised mathematical formulas to explain the Copernican universe.
Francis Bacon's contribution to the Scientific Revolution can best be described as the
promotion of the potentially unlimited possibilities of empiricism
rediscovery of the importance of ancient thought.
establishment of new scientific techniques and tools.
founding of the Royal Society of London.
The major scientific question that Newton solved was
how and why blood circulates.
how genes are transmitted.
how the planets move in an orderly fashion.
why people die from particular diseases.
John Locke believed that human beings wereJohn Locke believed that human beings were
innately flawed because of original sin.
blank slates-having no inborn ideas.
a product of their genetic makeup (nature) and their environment (nurture).
born with complete knowledge of the universe.
Enlightenment thinkers believed that
the progressive increase of knowledge was the key towards making the world a more perfect place.
the revival of knowledge from the ancient world would set them apart from their predecessors.
knowledge is relative to the society from which it emerges and can as easily be lost as found.
the obtainment of knowledge was the highest calling of God.
The writers and critics who fostered the attitude of change and reform during the Enlightenment were called
muckrakers.
utilitarians.
philosophes.
enlightened despots.
The publication of the Encyclopedia affected European culture in all of the following ways except:
Enlightenment thought was diffused over the Continent.
European governments initiated serious attempts at press censorship.
it popularized scathing criticism of existing institutions.
major innovations in marketing and book sales inspired other publishers.
Which of the following was not a principle of deism?
Science proves that God does not exist.
God favors a rational morality.
Rewards and punishments are meted out in the afterlife.
Nature has a rational order.
Religious toleration
was not a primary concern of the philosophes.
would theoretically help to end the conflicts within Christianity, according to Voltaire.
was opposed by Voltaire.
was immediately implemented by the monarchs of Europe.
In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu admired which constitution as the wisest?
French
the English
the Roman
the German
Laissez-faire economic thought argues that wealth ought to be distributed according to
government decree.
the needs of society.
the forces of supply and demand.
a system of barter and exchange.
Rousseau's doctrine of the general will led him to conclude that
the individual is more important than the state.
some people must be forced to be free.
the best form of government is a constitutional monarchy.
morality is less important than wealth.
During the Enlightenment, salon culture
provided a pivotal role for women as purveyors of new ideas.
relegated women to frivolous roles as hostesses of tea parties.
limited the influence of women to the domestic sphere.
promoted the principle of equality for women of all social classes.
The "enlightened absolutism" of the rulers of the 18th century can best be described as a
veneer for the exercise of autocratic power.
means to strengthen the military power of relatively backwards states.
truly benign rule based upon beliefs in the importance of justice and prosperity.
All of these answers are correct.
The European Enlightenment scholar who had the greatest direct influence on the U.S. Declaration of Independence was
Rousseau.
Montesquieu.
Locke.
Hobbes.
Under the reforms of Joseph II, Austrian peasants
were able to marry without permission from their lord.
were able to vote.
were owned by their lords.
became landowners.
one of the most significant consequences of the Seven Years' War was
A financial pressure on all European rulers
the rise of the Austria as a major European military power
the growth of nationalism in Spain and Germany
Increased French power in the Americas
What role did the Stamp Act Congress play in the American Revolution?
It listed grievances with the Crown regarding taxation and local government.
It brought all American colonists together under a common banner.
It formally declared that Americans were in rebellion against the crown.
It gave an ultimatum to the Crown to reverse actions against the colonists.
On the eve of the French Revolution, the French monarchy's greatest problem was
a losing war with Spain.
the inability to handle finances on a sound basis.
a conflict (more political than religious) with the pope.
the inbreeding within the Bourbon dynasty.
Louis XVI called the Estates General in order to
divide the nobility and break their power over the French monarch.
give the people a chance to decide about further support of American revolutionary efforts.
increase the legal recognition and power of the Third Estate in French political life.
find a collective solution to pressing financial problems and to avoid national bankruptcy.
Those who swore the famous "Tennis Court Oath" promised to
uphold the rights and privileges of the First and Second Estates in face of opposition by the Third Estate.
create a new constitution for France that better reflected its social composition.
force the abdication of the king and create a new democratic government.
repeal serfdom and remove other traditional impediments to social mobility.
The most significant contribution of the Women's March to the French Revolution was that
women gained the right to bear arms and to serve in Revolutionary armies.
the King moved to Paris where he was constantly under pressure from popular violence.
economic controls were enacted that lowered food prices and curbed inflation.
the last remnants of serfdom were permanently abolished.
The National Constituent Assembly attempted to solve the financial problems of the French state by all of the following methods except
issuing government bonds called assignats.
repudiating all debts made by the king.
selling off the possessions of the Catholic Church.
removing restrictions on the grain trade.
The war against Austria in 1792
united the French aristocracy against the forces of revolution.
resulted in English involvement in French domestic politics.
radicalized the revolution and led to a second revolution that overthrew the monarchy and established a republic.
disrupted the revolution and allowed the emigres to return to France.
The sans-culottes favored
the abolition of private property and paper currency.
greater economic equality and relief from food shortages.
the creation of a representative democracy.
the end of war with the rest of Europe.
The revolutionary calendar was established in order to
give farmers a longer growing season
symbolize a radical break from the past.
allow shopkeepers to postpone paying their taxes.
reflect the death of the king.
The Thermidorian Reaction consisted of
the removal of former terrorists from public life.
the establishment of the Directory.
the destruction of the machinery of terror.
All of these answers are correct.
The levée en masse
contributed to French military defeats against Austria and England.
directed nearly all French citizens to become involved in the war effort.
was enacted by Louis XVI to promote counter-revolutionary efforts.
originated a highly effective form of guerilla warfare.
Napoleon's "Continental System" aimed at all of the following except:
crippling the ability of the British to wage war.
supporting the development of continental industry.
establishing members of his family as rulers of satellite states.
cutting off trade between Britain and the continent.
Which of the following best characterizes Napoleon's relationship with the ideals of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution?
He spread a limited number of legal and social reforms to the countries that he conquered.
He sought to replace philosophical principles with ideologies of dictatorship.
He completely repudiated the Revolution in favor of the institutions of the ancien regime.
He fully embraced the spirit of Enlightenment and Revolution, bringing it with him and his armies.
The battle that led to Napoleon's final defeat was the
Battle of the Nations.
retreat from Moscow.
battle of Waterloo.
Battle of Austerlitz.
Based on the settlement drawn up in 1815, the primary goal of the Congress of Vienna appears to have been
the creation of a stable balance of power system in Europe.
the containment of French and German aggression.
the strengthening and unification of formerly decentralized states.
a united defense against Muslim aggression.
Revolutions broke out across Latin America in the early 19th century for all of the following reasons except
the influence of Enlightenment ideas.
the conquest of Spain and Portugal by Napoleon.
the military support of France and the United States.
financial pressure on European governments to pay for war.
Simón Bolívar
believed that monarchies were a necessary part of Latin America's political structure.
declared himself emperor of New Spain.
was inclined toward a policy of political liberalism.
agreed with San Martín regarding the political structure of Latin America.
The last Atlantic-based country to abolish slavery was
the Netherlands.
the United States.
Cuba.
Brazil.
The Monroe Doctrine demanded
the sale of Florida to the United States.
the independence of Canada.
an end to European intervention in the Americas.
both the sale of Florida to the United States and the independence of Canada.
All of the following can describe 19th-century nationalism except
a belief that a shared language is an important basis for unity.
an ideology that supports self-government for people of the same or similar cultures.
the government takeover of industry in the name of the greater common good.
the harmonious activity of ethnic groups, directed towards a common purpose.
The two countries that used nationalism to unite internally in the late 19th century were
France and Italy.
Italy and Germany.
Britain and Germany.
Germany and Russia.
All of the following were aspects of liberalism except
that the legitimacy of government emanates from the freely given consent of the governed.
that state officials must be responsible to the representatives of the people rather than to the monarch
that democracy, not monarchy, is the ideal form of government.
a dislike for the monopolization of government by the nobility.
The Decembrist Revolt of 1825 was important because it
ended the influence of liberalism in Russian politics.
led to greater democratization in Russian government.
made the army a greater political force in Russian affairs.
forced Russia to become more isolationist.forced Russia to become more isolationist.
The Great Reform Bill
expanded the British electorate by over 200,000.
formally abolished slavery in all British territories.
removed all obstacles to internal trade on the British continent.
established Home Rule for Ireland.
Daniel O'Connell was instrumental in
the agitation for Catholic emancipation in Ireland.
the expansion of the Irish voting franchise to members of the lower classes.
achieving a close political relationship with the Tories.
leading the movement for home rule in Ireland.
The dynamic force for change in the Revolutions of 1848 originated with the
political liberals.
working classes.
military of various countries.
middle classes.
The most significant consequence of the Revolutions of 1848 was the
establishment of liberal governments in central Europe.
increasingly violent tactics employed by the working classes.
triumph of nationalism as a force for political change.
emergence of strongly conservative governments across Europe
The expansion of cotton-growing in the American South was largely the result of
the invention of the cotton gin.
the expansion of the textile industry caused by the industrial revolution.
high cotton prices throughout the world.
All of these answers are correct.
William Lloyd Garrison was
the founder of the underground railroad.
an editor and leading abolitionist.
responsible for "Bleeding Kansas."
responsible for the Compromise of 1850.
All of the following contributed to growing polarization in U.S. politics over slavery except
the Mexican-American War.
the Fourteenth Amendment.
John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry.
the Dred Scott decision.
During the Reconstruction period, the American South experienced all of the following significant changes except
many former political leaders left political life
the basis of the economy was transformed.
the establishment of a large free labor market.
military occupation by armies of the North.
In the 19th century, nationalism served a significantly divisive role for all of the following countries or regions except
Great Britain.
Italy.
the Balkans.
Austria.
The Crimean War was significant because it led to
the end of the Concert of Europe.
Russian acquisition of Constantinople.
the elimination of the use of cavalry in combat.
None of these answers are correct.
In obtaining Italian unification, Cavour
worked closely with Mazzini.
used Austrian cooperation to pursue unification.
forced Garibaldi to give up the notion of a republican Italy.
supported Garibaldi's romantic nationalism.
Otto von Bismarck was
a self-made liberal businessman who united Germany.
the moderately liberal king of Prussia who united Germany.
a Prussian military commander who forced German unification.
the conservative Prussian minister who united Germany.
The kleindeutsch or "small German" policy of Bismarck
ultimately excluded Austria from German affairs.
was a plan to unite Germany slowly and gradually.
brought all German-speaking peoples together under the same government.
aimed at the creation of an economically self-sufficient German state.
The Compromise of 1867 transformed the Hapsburg Empire into
a dual monarchy.
a republic.
four administrative units.
a dependency of Italy.
In the Habsburg domains, 19th century nationalism
promoted peaceful unification plans.
led to the creation of several new states.
caused major political instability.
was not a significant factor.
Anti-Semitism
originated with Hitler's belief that Jews caused Germany to lose World War I.
became acute because of scholarly writings on racism in the 19th century.
worked to dispel stereotypes about Jews and to end discrimination.
was popular only in Eastern Europe, where Jews were more numerous.
The period 1850-1945 may be regarded as an era of European
indecision.
toleration.
domination.
inconsistency.
Which of the following was not a result of confection?
Less skill was required from each artisan.
The division of labor increased in each workshop.
More urban journeymen became masters of their own workshops.
Skills possessed by a worker became less valuable.
The industrial economy affected women in all of the following ways except
women started agitating for political rights in the 1830s.
women became associated more with household duties and men with family breadwinning.
new modes of employment were created for women.
skills required of employed women were lowered.
Nineteenth century attitudes towards gender divisions can best be described as
women and men held separate spheres of influence.
women and men were essentially equal.
women were inferior to men in all respects.
women and men both benefited from greater education.
By the end of the 19th century, married middle class women were expected to
work full time.
work part-time.
not work outside of the home.
work looking after other people's children.
In the 19th century, all of the following were obstacles to women achieving equality except:
Women's rights had no public support.
Women were more sensitive to issues of class than gender.
Women were reluctant to support feminist causes.
Women were concerned that the tactics of feminist movements were too extreme.
British women received the vote primarily because of
the violent tactics of Emmeline Pankhurst and the suffragettes.
their contributions to the war effort in World War I.
the lobbying efforts of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies.
the cooperation of the Liberal government under Herbert Asquith.
By 1914, European workers increasingly
adopted liberal economic doctrines.
resorted to strikes, riots, and violence.
used collective bargaining to ensure economic security.
turned away from political involvement.
In the 19th century, Jewish emancipation made the least progress in
France.
the Habsburg empire.
Russia.
Italy.
According to Marx, historical change comes about primarily because of
conflict over resources.
the actions of great men.
consensus and legislation.
advancements in scientific knowledge.
Socialism arose as a political force for all of the following reasons except the
writings of scholars such as Karl Marx.
increase in the voting franchise to include the working classes.
support it provided to nationalist sentiments.
proletarianization of the urban work force.
The Fabians were
French activists who advocated immediate political reform.
British working class activists who advocated economic reform.
British civil servants who advocated a gradualist approach to social reform.
German socialists who were pessimistic about the necessity of revolution.
Bismarck approved social welfare legislation because he
respected the Socialists and wanted to support their initiatives.
wanted to protect the Emperor.
thought the legislation was long overdue.
wanted to undercut support for the Socialists.
The more radical Russian revolutionary faction led by Lenin was called
Menshevik.
Bolshevik.
zemstvo.
soviet.
All of the following contributed to U.S. industrial expansion in the late 19th century except
the creation of a vast railway network.
the development of American investment banking.
the arrival of millions of European immigrants.
American attitudes towards entrepreneurship.
Progressives in the United States sought to
unionize labor and agriculture in order to fight big business.
reform corruption in political life and induce more efficient government.
follow a policy of isolationism and withdraw from world affairs.
redress problems of racial inequality in the U.S. and elsewhere.
The "social gospel" was a movement to
spread socialist ideas among the working classes.
support social reform for Christian reasons.
refute Darwin's concept of evolution.
convert new immigrants to Christianity.
Darwin's explanation of natural selection suggests that natural selection
reflects the power and grandeur of the Creator.
and religion are incompatible.
implies that all people are descendants of Adam and Eve.
describes all beings as direct creations of God.
Friedrich Nietzsche believed democracy and Christianity
encouraged mediocrity and restraint.
led to a civilizing process that improved social behavior.
impoverished and disenfranchised the working classes.
promoted the full development of individual energies.
Although Freud believed that civilization required some repression of sexuality and aggression, he also believed that excessive repression could lead to
the material and moral progress of the West.
greater psychological stress and illness.
prostitution and child abandonment.
sexual feelings for one's relatives.