A mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent. The parent makes a copy of its genetic material, and the offspring produced are genetically and physically identical to each other, i.e., they are the clones of their parents.

A mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by two parents. Two individuals of different sexes combine genetic material.

The “product” of reproduction. (The child or young of the parents.)

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are segments of DNA and are arranged one after another, at specific locations on chromosomes in the nucleus of cells.

Tiny, threadlike structures inside most cells of every organism, or living thing. They carry information about the organism in units called genes. When living things reproduce, they pass their genes along to their offspring.

The passing of traits from parents to offspring either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. The offspring acquires the genetic information of their parent(s).

A successful group of individuals who pass on their inherited traits to the offspring.

A group of organisms of the same species living in the same place at the same time. Examples of different populations are humans living in a city, a pack of wild dogs, or a group of salmon.

Characteristics or attributes expressed by genes and/or influenced by the environment.

The differences in characteristics between individuals of the same species.

A model used to predict the offspring from a cross or mating between two parents.