The aboriginal people of Australia, Malenesia, and parts of Southeast Asia.

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They are also known as Congoid, an obsolete racial grouping of various people indigenous to Africa.

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Have an Asian ancestry with yellowish brown tinge skin color consisting of straight and black hair, scanty body and facial hair, brachycephalic head with concave or straight nose having low nasal root and bridge.

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is the scientific and systematic study of human society that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life.

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is group of people that is bind by any cultural identity.

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FATHER OF SOCIOLOGY

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It says that people live together in society in accordance with an agreement that establishes moral and political rules of behavior.

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is based on the assumption that societies change gradually from simple to complex forms.

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Dependent on the environment, nomadic, based on kinship.

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Relied on domesticated animals, nomadic, surplus goods through

breeding livestock.

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Relied on plant cultivation, stable settlements, formed when conditions allowed for crop

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Emerged with the Agricultural Revolution, permanent settlements, use of metal tools, surplus food, growth of towns and cities.

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Hierarchical system based on land ownership and protection, with lords, vassals, and peasants.

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The transition from pre-industrial to industrial to post-industrial societies has been accompanied by changes in economic structures, social classes, and the sources of power and influence within societies. The impact of technology on societies, both positive (e.g., increased productivity) and negative (e.g., environmental disasters), has been a significant factor throughout these transitions.

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is an approach to understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context.

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in sociology and other social sciences, a school of thought according to which each of the institutions, relationships, roles, and norms that together constitute a society serves a purpose, and each is indispensable for the continued existence of the others and of society as a whole.

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is a theory that society is in a state of perpetual conflict because of competition for limited resources.

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focuses on the theory and practice of government and politics at the local, state, national, and international levels.

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Is a political division of a body of people that occupies a territory. The state is sovereign in its territory or jurisdiction and has the authority to enforce a system of rules over the people living inside it.

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A geographical area subject to the sovereignty, control, or jurisdiction of a state or government.

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An entity that constitute the governing authority

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The authority or the dominant power to rule.

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The population or the citizen of the state.

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Refers to the differences in social behaviors that different cultures exhibit around the world.

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Are the differences among the individuals on the basis of social characteristics and qualities.

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The set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social group,

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essentially a set of beliefs, values, actions, objects, or goods and practices that are popular at any given time and space in society

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is the study of people: as individuals, communities and societies; their behaviors and interactions with each other and with their built, technological and natural environments.

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is the study of the past and present evolution of the human species and is especially concerned with understanding the causes of present human diversity, and it’s adaptations to environmental stresses.

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is the study of past humans and cultures through material remains.

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study how people who share a common cultural system organize and shape the physical and social world around them

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