these are educational texts

specifically designed to help the students through the use of topic discussions, summaries, and review quizzes.

helps the teachers see what the students have learned

varys in length and formality but they usually contain introduction, body, and conclusion

They are longer texts (typicaaly with 10,000 to 20,000 words)

Baccalaureate and master's studies is called

Doctor's level studies is called

What structure is this?

a.Introduction

b.Background

c.Literature Review

d.Research Design or Methodology

e.Results/ Findings

f.Discussion/ Interpretation

g.Recommendations

Conclusion

Written mainly for a specific audience - researches, academics and postgraduate students

Research articles is made for a specific audience, who is the audience?

What structure is this?

a.Introduction

b.Literature Review

c.Background to the Research and Method

d.Results or Main Findings

e. Discussion (including author’s interpretation of results)

f. Recommendations (ideas for future research)

g. Conclusion

h. Bibliography

i. Appendix (to give information such as tables of 

   raw data from the research)

Can be found in any discipline though they are most common in fields suchs as business, sociology, and law.

What structure is this?

a.Context (What is the focus? Where? When?)

b. Description of the setting (person, company, or place)

c. An account of how this changed over the

    period of time under investigation

d. Headings (which help the audience work

    through the text)

to describe what happended and discuss and evaluate its importance.

they are found in various disciplines like science, law, and medicine

What structure is this?

a.Context/ Overview (Title, Contents, etc.)

b.Introduction

c.Methodology/ Description of the Event

d.Findings/ Main points

e.Discussion/ Evaluation

Conclusion

Are a common form of academic writing that present and support an argument or claim

In depth explorations of a particular topic often involving original research or analysis

Critically analyze and summarize the existying research on a particular topic,

details the procedures, findings, and analysis of scientific experiments,

Examine a specific instance or example in detail, often within the context of a broader hteoretical framework

Examine a specific instance or example in detail, often within the context of a broader hteoretical framework

the ability to read text, process it and understand its meaning.

It is a reciprocal, holistic interchange of ideas between the reader and the message. I

Purposes for reading academic texts

the stored or existing knowledge or information that the reader already has before encountering new information.

Schema, prior, or background knowledge can include:

Schema, prior, or background knowledge can include:

2 components of reading comprehension

The reader must be able to comprehend the vocabulary utilized by the author.

reader employs diverse reading comprehension strategies to build up understanding and experience appreciation of the content, if necessary.

fast reading technique that aims to get the bird’s-eye view, gist, or general idea of the material.

fast reading technique that aims to find specific information.

refers to a careful and thorough examination of a text, often with the intention of extracting specific information, understanding complex concepts, or critically analyzing the content.

requires a more in-depth and focused approach.

encompasses a broader range of activities, including creating organized external notes, summaries, and reflections.

This note taking techniques is used to pick out the central and important words or phrases

This note taking technique is used to record the main headings as you read

This note taking technique is used to encourage you to take an active approach to your reading.

check your understanding of the text.

form of note-taking, but it is specific to the act of marking and commenting directly within the text itself.

involves reaching a final decision or opinion based on the information provided.

often implies a broader and more definitive statement or understanding may be based on explicit information in the text

using evidence and reasoning to make educated guesses

logical interpretations about information that is not explicitly stated

usually in the form of a list divided into headings and subheadings that distinguish main points from supporting points.

An outline which is done as a part of the pre-writing stage

An outline which is written by readers to organize the general and specific ideas from the texts

composing a piece of written material into a one or two paragraph piece that conveys the main topics and points of the original written material.

means rewriting or restating an author’s idea into your own words, with a focus on expressing the ideas in a new way.

 is a precise and straightforward piece of writing. It contains only four sentences.

the little bit of everything.

has concise statements that contains the summary of the contents of an academic paper.

should be written in complete sentences and paragraphs without exceeding 250 words. It should not include formula, diagrams or other illustrative materials.

should be written in complete sentences and paragraphs without exceeding 250 words. It should not include formula, diagrams or other illustrative materials.

expresses the purposes or main point of your essay.

main idea of an article or essay.

tells the reader how he/she will interpret the significance of the subject matter.

It serves as the map for the paper.

It gives the reader the idea on what to expect on the material.

A thesis statement is usually place at the ___ of the essay

A thesis statement is expressed in _____ sentence

What makes a thesis statement?

What makes a thesis statement?

A thesis statement should be

A thesis statement should be

A thesis statement should not be

3 types of thesis statements

evaluates an issue or idea

presents a breakdown and evaluation

explains an idea or issue

present important information about a subject

presents and defends a claim

aims to convince the reader by presenting evidences

Breaking down information or artifacts into components parts

Determining motives, causes, and underlying assumptions

Uncovering relationships among those parts

Making inferences and finding evidence to support generalizations

Analytical Thesis Statements can be useful when writing academic papers such as:

Analytical Thesis Statements can be useful when writing academic papers such as:

What you are going to explain to them

Expository Thesis Statements can be useful when writing academic papers such as:

Expository Thesis Statements can be useful when writing academic papers such as:

Your claim or assertion

Argumentative Thesis Statements can be useful when writing academic papers such as:

Argumentative Thesis Statements can be useful when writing academic papers such as:

Argumentative thesis statements should be:

Argumentative thesis statements should be:

avoid being too broad and general

reader could agree or disagree

author should take a clear position

claims should be logical and possible

must be able to be supported by evidence

is the efficient examination and investigation of materials and sources to build up realities and arrive at new resolutions

it is an undertaking to find new or examine olf realitties by a logical investigation of a subject or by a course of basic investigation

Helps you identify the significant details you need to include and to eliminate the irrelevant ones

Establishes the scope and limitations of your paper, which will be the backbone of your research outline

Can be effective even after writing your paper, especially in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of your final product

A useful tool as well as good writing practice

Techniques in summarizing

Choose significant thought, key words, and expressions, uncommon terms and translations introduced in the original source

Eliminate superfluous and irrelevant information

Incorporate synthesis, join a few sentences intro one sentence

Utilized sentence replaccements, short sentences to substitute lengthy ones.

Using your own words to express someone else's ideas while still preserving the main ideas of the original source

Your own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form

it has to be reviewed by researchers working in the same field

designed to guarantee the academic standard of an article.

serve as guides in writing, which are commonly employed in all forms of academic writing across various disciplines.

transitional words or the _____ that the writer employs in the academic text can help the reader to grasp all the facts presented to decode and to decipher what the written text has to say.

Explains the meaning of new words or phrases

is, refers to, can be defined as, means, consists of, involves, is a term that, is called, is characterized by, occurs when, are those that, entails, corresponds to, is literally

what transitional devices is stated?

Divides a topic into parts based on shared characteristics

Describes the sequence in which events occur in time

classified as, comprises, is composed of, several varieties of, different stages of, different groups that, includes, one, first, second, another, finally, last

what transitional devices is stated?

at the present time,

from time to time,

after, later, last, until, meanwhile, further, during, in time, prior to

what transitional devices is stated?

Describes the order in which things are done or how things work