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Summative Test: Heredity, Inheritance and Variation

Total questions: 25

Worksheet time: 8mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which biomolecule is essential for storing and transmitting genetic information within cells?

a)

Lipids

b)

Proteins

c)

Nucleic acids

d)

Carbohydrates

2.

What are the two types of nucleic acid?

a)

Proteins and lipids

b)

DNA and RNA

c)

Carbohydrates and nucleotides

d)

Carbohydrates and DNA

3.

How do reproductive cells and body cells undergo mutation?

a)

Errors in DNA replication or recombination

b)

Exposure to sunlight

c)

Eating unhealthy foods

d)

Lack of exercise

4.

What is gene mutation?

a)

Changes in chromosome structure

b)

Changes in the number of chromosomes

c)

Changes in the nucleotide sequence of a gene

d)

Changes in the expression of a gene

5.

Where does DNA replication occur in cells?

a)

Ribosomes

b)

Golgi apparatus

c)

Nucleus

d)

Mitochondria

6.

How does RNA differ from DNA in terms of sugar composition?

a)

RNA contains ribose sugar, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar.

b)

RNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while DNA contains ribose sugar.

c)

Both RNA and DNA contain ribose sugar.

d)

Both RNA and DNA contain deoxyribose sugar

7.

What is the function of DNA within cells?

a)

Protein synthesis

b)

Cellular respiration

c)

Storing genetic information

d)

Providing energy for cells

8.

How does RNA differ from DNA in terms of structure?

a)

RNA is double-stranded, while DNA is single-stranded.

b)

RNA is typically single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded.

c)

RNA and DNA have the same structure.

d)

RNA contains thymine, while DNA contains uracil.

9.

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

RNA polymerase

c)

Helicase

d)

Ligase

10.

During which cellular process does DNA serve as a template to produce RNA?

a)

Transcription

b)

RNA synthesis

c)

Translation

d)

DNA replication

11.

In which cellular organelle does protein synthesis occur?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Endoplasmic reticulum

d)

Golgi apparatus

12.

How does a deletion mutation differ from an insertion mutation?

a)

Deletion removes a portion of a chromosome, while insertion adds extra genetic material.

b)

Deletion adds extra genetic material, while insertion removes a portion of a chromosome.

c)

Deletion and insertion mutations have the same effect.

d)

Deletion and insertion mutations both involve rearranging chromosome structure.

13.

What is the consequence of a gene mutation?

a)

Changes in chromosome number

b)

Alteration in the protein encoded by the gene

c)

Loss of DNA replication

d)

Duplication of genetic material

14.

How does a chromosomal mutation differ from a gene mutation?

a)

Chromosomal mutations involve changes in a single nucleotide, while gene mutations involve changes in chromosome structure.

b)

Chromosomal mutations involve changes in chromosome structure or number, while gene mutations involve changes in the nucleotide sequence of a gene.

c)

Chromosomal mutations occur during DNA replication, while gene mutations occur during protein synthesis.

d)

Chromosomal mutations only affect reproductive cells, while gene mutations affect all cell types.

15.

Which type of mutation involves a portion of one chromosome breaking off and attaching to another chromosome?

a)

Deletion

b)

Duplication

c)

Inversion

d)

Translocation

16.

How does RNA polymerase know where to start transcribing a gene?

a)

It randomly selects a region of DNA.

b)

It binds to a specific region called the promoter.

c)

It starts transcribing from the end of the DNA molecule.

d)

It requires the presence of ribosomes to initiate transcription.

17.

Why is DNA replication essential for cell division and growth?

a)

DNA replication ensures the production of energy for cells.

b)

DNA replication ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

c)

DNA replication prevents mutations from occurring.

d)

DNA replication is not essential for cell division.

18.

How do mutations contribute to genetic diversity in populations?

a)

Mutations introduce variations in the DNA sequence, which can lead to differences in traits among individuals.

b)

Mutations decrease genetic diversity by causing harmful effects on organisms.

c)

Mutations are always detrimental and do not contribute to genetic diversity.

d)

Mutations only occur in reproductive cells and do not affect the overall genetic diversity of a population.

19.

Why is it important for RNA to be single-stranded during protein synthesis?

a)

Single-stranded RNA enhances the stability of the genetic code.

b)

Single-stranded RNA allows for more efficient DNA replication.

c)

Single-stranded RNA allows for flexibility and accessibility to ribosomes and other cellular machinery during protein synthesis.

d)

Single-stranded RNA prevents mutations from occurring

20.

Refer to your table of Codons.

The base sequence of DNA is TTA CCG ATC GAA. The sequence of RNA transcribed from this strand is _________.

a)

AAU GGC UAG CUU

b)

TCG CCC AUG CUA

c)

GCG CCG ATG GUA

d)

UAU CCG AUG CUA

21.

Refer to your table of Codons.

The amino acids coded in the mRNA sequence GGA GCU AUU AAU GGC are ___ ____.

a)

Gly-Ala-Ile-Asn-Gly

b)

Gly-Ala-Iso-Asp-Gly

c)

Glu-Gly-Ala-Gly-Asp

d)

Gly-Iso-Gly-Ala-Glu

22.

What do you call the triple base sequence that is complementary to the mRNA codons?

a)

amino acid

b)

codon

c)

anticodon

d)

polypeptide

23.

Which type of mutation refers to the shifting the reading frame of the genetic code?

a)

chromosome mutation

b)

point mutation

c)

frameshift mutation

d)

translocation

24.

A geneticist found that a particular mutation had no effect on the polypeptide encoded by the gene. This mutation probably involved ___________.

a)

a deletion of a nucleotide

b)

insertion of one nucleotide

c)

an alteration of a start codon

d)

substitution on one nucleotide

25.

Which of the following disorders results from base substitution?

a)

Down Syndrome

b)

Sickle-Cell Anemia

c)

Monosomy

d)

Turner Syndrome