These countries started the Bürolandschaft except

Require minimal original thinking; include essential skills, such as filing (document storage and retrieving with emphasis on electronic record keeping), photocopying, coordinating direct mailings, and keeping logs.

Require judgment and advanced office skills, such as a

high level of document preparation and proficiency using various software

applications, including spreadsheets, databases, project management, and

presentations (creating and presenting); maintaining multiple schedules and

calendars; handling messages and correspondence (with voice mail, e-mail,

and regular postal mail); and maintaining computer files, directories, and

databases.

Require critical and creative thinking and decision making skills, such as creating and analyzing reports, planning meetings and special events, working closely with vendors and suppliers, and making decisions regarding equipment purchases.

Require planning (analytical), organizing (analytical),

measuring (analytical), and using Internet/intranet and communications for research, interviewing, orienting, supervising, and motivating other staff (interpersonal communication); examples include budgeting, staffing, evaluating personnel, and problem solving.