Consecutive interpretation

Which type of interpretation is also called “conference interpretation/interpreting” because today it is mostly used at international (often multilingual forums)?

The term “language combination’’ refers to the languages an interpreter uses

What does the term “linguistic combination” refer to in the context of interpretation?

If English verbs mostly denote actions in rather a vague general way, Ukrainian verbs are very

What type of interpretation is commonly known as “conference interpretation” due to its prevalent use at international forums?

The interpreter’s mother tongue (or another language strictly equivalent to a mother tongue), into which she/he interprets from alt other working languages, generally in the two modes of interpretation, simultaneous and consecutive is

What is the primary characteristic of consecutive interpretation?

How is translation best described?

What is the term used for the interpreter's mother tongue in which they interpret from other working languages?

A language, into which the interpreter works from one or more of her/his other languages and which, although not a mother tongue, is a language of which she/he has perfect command.

... languages are those languages of which the interpreter has complete understanding and from which she/he interprets.

Ability to perceive and understand the message includes communicative aspects,

An interpreter must always be impartial and neutral in terms of ... of all parties to the negotiations

Lexical transformations may be subdivided into

Lexical semantic transformations comprise:

The essence of this transformation lies in translating such words of SL by the words with specified concrete meaning in TL.

Which tipe of transformation is it: “to get out” – “вибиратися”, “виходити”, “вилізати”, “висаджуватися”

... is the phenomenon opposite to concretization; the notions with narrow meaning in source language are replaced by the units with broader meaning in target language.

Define the type of transformation: He is six foot three inches tall -Його зріст – 190,5 сантиметра

... is applied in the process of translation of polysemantic words.

Modulation is

Descriptive translation is resorted to when

What type of transformation is it? - terraced houses — низка стандартних будинків вздовж вулиці.

In the translation process there are lexical replacements, based on cause-effect relations between notions. and they are called

What type of transformation is it? Mr. Kelada’s brushes… would have been all the better for a scrub. - Щітки містера Келади… не відзначались чистотою.

This type of transformation means that a certain word is translated not by a corresponding word of TL but by its antonym, with negation being added at the same time

Define the type of transformation: It wasn’t too far. – Це виявилось досить близько

Define the type of transformation. I’m not kidding. - Я вам серйозно кажу.

Grammatical competence is

Sociolinguistic competence is

Which type of transformation is it? In 2008 UN has proposed a world conference on food supplies. – У 2008 році ООН запропонувала скликати всесвітню конференцію з питань забезпечення людства продовольчими ресурсами.

Define the type of transformation: The bill was rejected and repudiated. – Законопроект було відхилено.

The Ukrainian Government – уряд України

Define the type of transformation: Iron heel – «залізна п’ята»

Define the type of transformation: Senatе – Сенат

Define the type of transformation: Non-members of the Organization for Security and Cooperation ... – Країни, які не є членами Організації з безпеки і співробітництва в Європі, ...

This transformation is widely used to render speech peculiarities of characters, to translate puns, rhyming words, etc.

Which type of transformation is it: "I got nothing”.-“Мене пошили в дурні"

Its lexical aspects imply adding words, word combinations or even the whole sentences or their parts . Which type of translation is it?

When using the transformation of addition one should be very careful to add only the elements which really have to

Define the type of transformation: electricity cut – обмеження подачі електроенергії

Therefore ... often go parallel with other types of grammatical transformations, more often with replacements of parts of speech.

This transformation is rarely obligatory within a structure, as it is usually caused by stylistic considerations and deals with redundancy as a traditional norm of SL, but not acceptable in TL.

Which type of transformation is it: “…their only stay and support…” - ”їхня єдина підтримка”

When SL word or word combination is reproduced in the TL by a letter-for-letter technique, it is

Adaptation of SL word to the phonetic or grammatical norms of the TL is called

... comprise: concretization (substantiation) of meaning, generalization of meaning, differentiation of meaning, modulation (logical development of meaning).

... (caique, verbal, literal, word-for-word translation) is the linear substitution of elements of one language by elements of the other