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WorksheetsPathogenicity and Epidemiology
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 13mins
Molecules used for cell signaling, or cell-to-cell communication.
Cytokines
Chemokines
Antigens
White blood cells
In mice, the LD50 for staphylococcal enterotoxin is 1350 ng/kg, and the LD50 for Shiga toxin is 250 ng/kg. Which of the following statements is true?
Staphylococcal enterotoxin is the more lethal of the two toxins.
The parenteral route is the preferred portal of entry for Shigella bacteria.
Shiga toxin is more lethal than staphylococcal enterotoxin.
More organisms of Staphylococcus bacteria must be ingested to cause infection, as compared to Shigella bacteria.
Exerts its effect when the bacterium dies
exotoxin
endotoxin
neurotoxin
cytotoxin
A protein produced and released by a pathogen is a...
Endotoxin
Exotoxin
Infection that occurs when the body's immune system is weak.
endogenous
exogenous
nosocomial
opportunistic
Virulence is...
How fast the infection travels
How easily the microbe can infect and cause sickness in a host
When the microbe hosts
None of the above
Identify the microbial structures involved in attachment to host cells. (3 are correct)
pili
capsule
viral envelope proteins
peptidoglycan layer
cilia
Glycocalyx capsules
prevent fermentation
prevent bacteria from adhering to host cells
prevent phagocytosis of bacteria
prevent phagocytosis of host cells
Which three statements about bacterial endotoxins are correct?
They are proteins
They are released upon bacterial cell death
They are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
They can cause fever and inflammation
They are neutralized by antibodies
Endotoxic shock is (2 are correct)
happens when there is a lack of immune response
caused by endotoxins
a severe drop in blood pressure
caused by Gram-positive bacteria
What is the reservoir of a disease?
It is the habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies.
The person, animal, or microorganism that carries and transmits the agent or pathogen.
The organism that is infected.
The pathogen that causes a disease.
An infection acquired by an individual in a healthcare facility.
endogenous
exogenous
nosocomial
opportunistic
______ is the time when acute symptoms of illness disappear.
Incubation Period
Prodromal Stage
Illness Stage
Convalescence Stage
David noticed some physical or psychological changes after getting sick. What are these changes called?
symptoms
transmission
treatment
prevention
Which of the following can be considered as entry points for pathogens into the body?
Skin cuts and abrasions
Respiratory tract
Gastrointestinal tract
All of the above
The prodromal stage of infection is:
When the patient manifests signs/symptoms of infection
Interval between entrance of pathogen and appearance of symptoms
Interval from onset of non-specific symptoms to more specific symptoms
Interval when acute symptoms disappear
Match the following
#of cells or virions needed to establish an infection in 50% of exposed susceptible host
Degree of extent of disease. Severity of pathogen
Virulence
Ability of microbe to cause disease
Pathogenicity
What are opportunistic pathogens?
Microorganisms that are harmless and do not cause any infections
Microorganisms that only cause infections in healthy individuals
They cause disease in a host that is weakened in some way
Microorganisms that can only cause infections in individuals with strong immune systems
