He later became Lord Protector of the Commonwealth, effectively ruling as a dictator until his death in 1658.

It is a grand royal residence located in Versailles, a suburb of Paris, France. It was originally a hunting lodge built by Louis XIII in the early 17th century,

A system of government in which a ruler holds absolute power and authority, typically without any checks or balances from other governmental institutions..

It enacted by Parliament following the Glorious Revolution. It affirmed certain rights of English citizens and limited the powers of the monarchy, establishing the principle of parliamentary supremacy.

It is a system of government where rules are set by a constitution to organize how power is divided, ensuring rights and freedoms are protected.

A legislative body in England responsible for making laws, representing citizens, and overseeing the government in constitutional monarchies.

He argued that individuals possess certain natural rights, including the rights to life, liberty, and property. He believed that these rights were inherent to human beings and could not be justly taken away by any government.

He proposed that proposed the concept of the "tabula rasa," or blank slate, suggesting that individuals are born without innate ideas or knowledge and that their understanding of the world is shaped by their experiences and interactions.

He was a staunch defender of freedom of thought, speech, and religion. He famously wrote, "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it,"

He was critical of religious intolerance and the abuses of power by organized religion.

He introduced the concept of the general will, which represents the collective desires and interests of the members of a society.

He emphasized the importance of education in shaping individuals and society. He advocated for a naturalistic approach to education that focused on nurturing children's innate abilities and fostering their moral and intellectual development.

He famously described the state of nature as a "war of all against all," where life is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. In this state, individuals are in constant conflict and competition for resources, leading to a state of perpetual insecurity and fear.

He believed the primary role of government is to ensure the security and safety of its citizens by maintaining order and protecting them from external threats and internal conflicts. He believed that individuals should surrender their freedoms and rights to the sovereign authority in exchange for the benefits of social stability and security.

He advocated for a laissez-faire approach to economic policy, arguing that governments should intervene minimally in the economy and allow markets to operate freely without excessive regulation or interference.

He advocated for a laissez-faire approach to economic policy, arguing that governments should intervene minimally in the economy and allow markets to operate freely without excessive regulation or interference.

Who is credited with formulating the heliocentric model of the solar system during the Scientific Revolution?

Which invention played a crucial role in the dissemination of scientific knowledge during the Scientific Revolution?

Which scientist is known for his laws of motion and universal gravitation?

The Scientific Revolution is often associated with the challenging of the prevailing __________ model of the universe.

Which scientist is credited with the discovery of the laws of planetary motion?

He edited and contributed to the Encyclopédie

He is known for formulating the theory of communism and critiquing capitalism.

He was the first Emperor of France, reigning from 1804 to 1814.

He was the first President of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797.

A system of government where power is in the hands of a single ruler who claims divine right.

It is the revolution that played a significant role in the development of

constitutionalism and end of Absolutism in England.

People who promoted reason, liberty, and social and political reforms.

A tool used by Enlightenment thinkers to refine and improve existing traditions.

A period that marked new scientific discoveries that sparked debates and conflicts with established religious doctrines, challenging long-held beliefs.

The American Revolution emerged from a combination of factors, including economic grievances, constitutional disputes and growing sense of American identity.

Economic concerns, such as high taxation and trade restrictions, fueled resentment and motivated colonists to seek independence.

1. Colonial leaders provided military leadership and political guidance for the cause of American independence. 

France did provided crucial military and financial support to the American colonies helping them in their fight for independence.

Napoleon helped spread the ideas of the revolution through military conquest and occupation of other countries.

It was the maxim of the French revolution, that was represented in the tri-color flag (choose 3) sparked revolutions in other countries to overthrow monarchies.

Which event helped propel Napoleon to prominence?

The Battle that ended the Napoleonic Wars and Napoleon's rule.

It provided a reliable energy source for powering machinery and

steam engines in factories and transportation systems.

Which of the following are reasons why Great Britain became an industrial superpower? (Choose 2)

Diderot agrees with Locke that the government’s primary goal should be to protect the rights and property of the people.

1. Which Enlightenment ideas inspired the American Declaration of Independence? Choose 3