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Earth Science U7 Review

Total questions: 31

Worksheet time: 16mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which is true of energy resource acquisition?

a)

Renewable resources are mostly acquired above Earth’s surface. Nonrenewable resources are mostly acquired below Earth’s surface.

b)

Nonrenewable resources are mostly acquired above Earth’s surface. Renewable resources are mostly acquired below Earth’s surface.

c)

Both renewable resources and nonrenewable resources are mostly acquired below Earth’s surface.

d)

Both renewable resources and nonrenewable resources are mostly acquired above Earth’s surface.

2.

Saltwater intrusion can occur in aquifers near coastlines, when fresh groundwater in the aquifer is displaced by salt water. Coastline aquifers become more vulnerable to saltwater intrusion when freshwater recharge rates are low or withdrawal rates are high. An aquifer in which of the following areas would be most affected by saltwater intrusion?

a)

a small coastal town experiencing a rainy summer

b)

a coastal agricultural area using periodic irrigation

c)

a large inland region of growing cities and farms

d)

a growing coastal city undergoing a drought

3.

Which is Earth's largest source of drinkable water?

a)

lakes

b)

rivers

c)

oceans

d)

aquifers

4.

A regional water board is examining proposals to provide drinking water to a growing metropolitan area. Which of these proposals is most likely to deplete groundwater supplies?

a)

installation of city-owned wells within each neighborhood

b)

construction of a dam to create a large water reservoir

c)

placement of stations along a river to capture and filter water

d)

establishment of a water treatment plant next to a large lake

5.

Subsidence is the collapsing or sinking of land. Subsidence can happen for many reasons. Often it happens when an underground material, such as rock, dissolves and leaves empty space behind. The empty space cannot support the material at the surface. The land above it sinks or collapses. Assuming that the voids underground are forming at the same rate, which of the following would most likely have areas that undergo subsidence?

a)

a pine forest

b)

a field of corn

c)

a large city

d)

a small town

6.

Look at the diagram of a stream with toxic chemicals flowing into it. This diagram models how toxic runoff can pollute a stream and also –

a)

produce acid rain.

b)

cause soil erosion.

c)

create algae blooms.

d)

pollute groundwater.

7.

When rain water reaches Earth’s surface, it can run off into surface water bodies or infiltrate soil and rock to become groundwater. Which of these surfaces would allow the most runoff and least infiltration of rain water?

a)

gravel

b)

cement

c)

sand

d)

grass

8.

The empty spaces in a material are called pores. Porosity is the amount of empty space within a material. Permeability describes how well the pores in a material are connected. Which of these materials would make the most effective aquifer?

a)

a material that has high porosity and high permeability

b)

a material that has high porosity and low permeability

c)

a material that has low porosity and high permeability

d)

a material that has low porosity and low permeability

9.

Which of the following is most responsible for reducing the availability of fresh water in this country?

a)

aquifer depletion

b)

reservoir evaporation

c)

nonpoint source pollution

d)

boat and watercraft emissions

10.

Which of these sources of fresh water corresponds to Source 1?

a)

atmospheric water

b)

surface water

c)

frozen water

d)

groundwater

11.

What percentage of the Earth's freshwater resources is represented by Source 2?

a)

0.3%

b)

30.1%

c)

69.6%

d)

100%

12.

Which source of freshwater is the least abundant according to the graph?

a)

Source 1

b)

Source 2

c)

Source 3

d)

Cannot be determined from the graph

13.

Look at the list of some types of data that can be used to describe a populated area.

1. plants and animals in the area

2. human population density in the area

3. types of roads in the area

4. water table levels in the area

Which types of data must be included in a model comparing risks of groundwater pollution of drinking wells in two different watershed areas?

a)

2 and 4 only

b)

1 and 2 only

c)

2 and 3 only

d)

1 and 3 only

14.

At a city council meeting, a developer outlines plans for a new shopping area. Residents speaking at the meeting voice their concerns that the development will increase runoff and pollute bodies of water in the area. The developer could address their concerns by proposing the addition of which of the following to the plans?

a)

private wells that provide water to each store

b)

sprinklers that hose down parking lots daily

c)

flower gardens that are planted near each store

d)

wetlands that surround the development

15.

Which of the following would happen if precipitation increased within the watershed boundary?

a)

the water table would rise

b)

some tributaries would disappear

c)

hillside infiltration would be reduced

d)

boundaries of the watershed would expand

16.

A group of scientists have decided to study a sedimentary landform deposited by slowly flowing water. The scientists will most likely notice

a)

large pebbles that are continually being moved by traction

b)

a broad, flat surface indicating that the energy in the flow has decreased

c)

gravel that is moving down a steep hill indicating that the energy in the flow has increased

d)

a sharp vertical change in elevation indicating the water’s velocity will increase

17.

Which of the following is NOT a major Virginia watershed system?

a)

Chesapeake Bay

b)

Great Dismal Swamp

c)

Gulf of Mexico

d)

North Carolina Sounds

18.

The engineering team that is designing a scientific research station on the Arctic permafrost has to provide the station with energy for cooking, heating, and lighting. Considering the fragile environment and other conditions of the Arctic permafrost, what is the BEST choice for providing energy for cooking, heating, and lighting at a scientific research station there?

a)

build a wind turbine.

b)

have fuel trucked in.

c)

have a pipeline built.

d)

build a solar collector.

19.

Which renewable resource would be LEAST affected by increasing global temperatures?

a)

hydropower

b)

wind energy

c)

geothermal power

d)

biomass energy

20.

Just under half the oil that enters ocean water comes from natural oil seeps on the ocean floor. Just over half the oil in the oceans comes from human activities. Which human activity contributes the MOST oil to the oceans?

a)

transporting oil over the ocean surface

b)

drilling for oil on the ocean floor

c)

polluting land with oil that reaches the oceans in runoff

d)

polluting air with oil that reaches the ocean in precipitation

21.

Virginia has a large capacity for generating hydroelectric power. Which factor produces the greatest variation in the availability of this renewable energy?

a)

the number of sunny or cloudy days within a typical week

b)

the size of reservoirs used to store water

c)

the distance from the power plant to where the energy is eventually used

d)

the amount of precipitation

22.

Four types of fuel-efficient vehicle engines currently in use are listed below. Which type contributes the LEAST to air pollution at point of use?

a)

biodiesel

b)

gasoline

c)

electric hybrid

d)

hydrogen cell

23.

In which of the four areas shown in the table would a limit to irrigation be MOST justified based on the change in water table depth from Year 1 to Year 3?

a)

Area 1

b)

Area 2

c)

Area 3

d)

Area 4

24.

Based on the data provided, which area experienced an increase in the water table depth from Year 2 to Year 3?

a)

Area 1

b)

Area 2

c)

Area 3

d)

Area 4

25.

Virginia has major rock and mineral resources. Which resource is commonly used for road and building construction?

a)

silica

b)

crushed stone

c)

limestone

d)

zirconium

26.

What does the yellow line in the graph represent?

a)

The number of coal mines in Virginia

b)

The estimated value of coal production in Virginia

c)

The total workforce in the Virginia coal industry

d)

The amount of coal exported from Virginia

27.

According to the graph, during which period did coal production in Virginia experience a significant decline?

a)

2000-2002

b)

2005-2007

c)

2007-2009

d)

2010-2012

28.

Based on the graph, how did the estimated value of coal production in Virginia change from 2000 to 2020?

a)

It increased steadily throughout the period.

b)

It decreased steadily throughout the period.

c)

It showed fluctuations with an overall increase.

d)

It showed fluctuations with an overall decrease.

29.

What event is marked on the graph between 2007 and 2009 that could have affected coal production and value?

a)

Dot-com crash

b)

Great Recession

c)

Increase in renewable energy use

d)

Change in coal mining regulations

30.

Jamie read that the amount of fossil fuels that are available will eventually decline, leading to a short supply of fuel for automobiles. What is the MOST likely effect of a fossil fuel shortage?

a)

More people would use airplanes for travel.

b)

The fossil fuels would be manufactured in factories.

c)

There would be more research on the use of alternate fuels.

d)

The technology will be focused on cars that do not use energy.

31.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), a group of odorless manufactured chemicals, have been banned since 1996. The graph below shows how the area of the Antarctic ozone hole has changed over time. What is the best summary that explains the effect of banning CFC's?

a)

The ozone hole has grown some and the negative effects on the atmosphere have stalled.

b)

The ozone hole has completely grown back and the threat from CFC's has been completely eliminated.

c)

From 1990 to 2010, the ozone hole area is constantly decreasing.

d)

The ozone hole area continues to grow at a steady rate.