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APES Total Vocab

Total questions: 140

Worksheet time: 1hrs 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A measure of the reflectivity of sunlight by a surface such as ice and snow, soil and desert, and ocean water
a)
albedo
b)
Carbon footprint
c)
Endangered Species Act
d)
Greenhouse effect
e)
Greenhouse gasses
2.
Acronym used by conservation biologists for the six most important secondary causes of premature extinction
a)
HIPPCO
b)
albedo
c)
Carbon footprint
d)
Endangered Species Act
e)
Greenhouse effect
3.
The amount of carbon compounds, especially carbon dioxide, emitted by a person or entity due to the burning of fossil fuels
a)
Carbon footprint
b)
albedo
c)
Endangered Species Act
d)
Greenhouse effect
e)
Greenhouse gasses
4.
Breaking up of habitat into smaller pieces, usually as a result of human activities
a)
Habitat fragmentation
b)
albedo
c)
Carbon footprint
d)
Endangered Species Act
e)
Greenhouse effect
5.
Law established in 1973 designed to identify and protect endangered species in the US and abroad
a)
Endangered Species Act
b)
albedo
c)
Carbon footprint
d)
Greenhouse effect
e)
Greenhouse gasses
6.
Gasses in the earth’s lower atmosphere that cause the greenhouse effect that warms the lower atmosphere
a)
Greenhouse gasses
b)
albedo
c)
Carbon footprint
d)
Endangered Species Act
e)
Greenhouse effect
7.
Natural effect that releases heat into the atmosphere near the earth’s surface.
a)
Greenhouse effect
b)
albedo
c)
Carbon footprint
d)
Endangered Species Act
e)
Greenhouse gasses
8.

The geologic materials from which soil horizons form.

(a)  

9.

Is formed of weathered rock, with some organic material; often referred to as topsoil.

(a)  

10.

A vertical section of the soil that is exposed by a soil pit

(a)  

11.

These separated into four groups: gravel, sand, silt, and clay.

(a)  

12.

Can be retained on soil particle surfaces. Negative charges on the surfaces of soil particles bind positively-charged atoms or molecules , but allow these to exchange with other positively charged particles in the surrounding soil water.

(a)  

13.

Lowest densest part of the earths atmosphere in which most weather changes occur and temperature generally decreases rapidly with altitude and which extends from the earth surface to the bottom of the stratosphere at about 7 miles high.

(a)  

14.

The second layer of the atmosphere as you go upward.

(a)  

15.

Burns up most meteors and asteroids before they are able to reach the earth's surface. … Is the coldest atmospheric layer surrounding the earth. It becomes cold enough to freeze water vapor in its atmosphere into ice clouds.

(a)  

16.

The part of the earths atmosphere that begins at about 50 miles above the earths surface, extends to outer space, and is characterized by steadily increasing temperature with height.

(a)  

17.

The uppermost region of earths atmosphere as it gradually fades into the vacuum of space

(a)  

18.

A region of earths stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation.

(a)  

19.

The low-latitude overturning circulations that have air rising at the equator and air sinking at roughly 30° latitude. They are responsible for the trade winds in the Tropics and control low-latitude weather patterns.

(a)  

20.

The mid-latitude segment of earths wind circulation, proposed by William Ferrel. Air flows poleward and eastward near the surface and equatorward and westward at higher altitudes; this movement is the reverse of the airflow in the Hadley cell.

(a)  

21.

Extend from between 60 and 70 degrees north and south, to the poles. Air in these cells sinks over the highest latitudes and flows out towards the lower latitudes at the surface.

(a)  

22.

The pattern of deflection taken by objects not firmly connected to the ground as they travel long distances around Earth.

(a)  

23.

An area of land that drains all the streams and rainfall to a common outlet such as the outflow of a reservoir, mouth of a bay, or any point along a stream channel.

(a)  

24.

A patch of land that has been forced to become a desert because mountain ranges blocked all plant-growing, rainy weather. On one side of the mountain, wet weather systems drop rain and snow. On the other side of the mountain, the rain shadow side, all that precipitation is blocked.

(a)  

25.

An irregularly periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics.

(a)  

26.

A climate pattern that describes the cooling of surface ocean waters along the tropical west coast of South America.

(a)  

27.

A part of the large-scale ocean circulation that is driven by global density gradients created by surface heat and freshwater fluxes.

(a)  

28.

Ecosystem services

a)

Any positive benefit that the ecosystem and its organisms provide for people

b)

Genetically based changes within a population of organisms that raise the chances of survival

c)

Event either natural or human caused that disrupts an ecosystem or population

29.

Evolution

a)

Genetically based changes within a population of organisms that raise the chances of survival

b)

Organisms that have adapted better to the environment are more likely to survive than those that have not.

c)

Process where different factors stop the growth of a species

30.

Natural Selection

a)

Organisms that have adapted better to the environment are more likely to survive than those that have not.

b)

Any positive benefit that the ecosystem and its organisms provide for people

c)

When a population within a species evolves to create a new distinct species

31.

Alfred Russel Wallace

a)

Genetically based changes within a population of organisms that raise the chances of survival

b)

Mr scientist gut that theorized about evolution and natural selection

c)

Event either natural or human caused that disrupts an ecosystem or population

32.

Mutation

a)

Biological variation in a specific species

b)

Change in a DNA sequence

c)

When a population within a species evolves to create a new distinct species

33.

Biodiversity

a)

The variety of living things and their interactions in an ecosystem

b)

Variety of different habitats

c)

Biological variation in a specific species

34.

Species Diversity

a)

Organisms that have adapted better to the environment are more likely to survive than those that have not.

b)

Biological variation in a specific species

c)

The number of different species in a particular area

35.

Genetic diversity

a)

When a population within a species evolves to create a new distinct species

b)

Biological variation in a specific species

c)

Genetically based changes within a population of organisms that raise the chances of survival

36.

Ecosystem diversity

a)

Variety of different habitats

b)

Species found in only one area

c)

Process where different factors stop the growth of a species

37.

Invasive species

a)

Mr scientist gut that theorized about evolution and natural selection

b)

Biological variation in a specific species

c)

Organism that harms the environment it is not native too

38.

Speciation

a)

When a population within a species evolves to create a new distinct species

b)

Genetically based changes within a population of organisms that raise the chances of survival

c)

Organisms that have adapted better to the environment are more likely to survive than those that have not.

39.

Specialist species

a)

Species with limited diet and specific living conditions

b)

Species with broad diet and a wide variety of living conditions

c)

Organism that harms the environment it is not native too

40.

Generalist species

a)

Species with limited diet and specific living conditions

b)

Species with broad diet and a wide variety of living conditions

c)

Organism that harms the environment it is not native too

41.

Endemic

a)

Species only found in one area

b)

Organism that harms the environment it is not native too

c)

The number of different species in a particular area

42.

Disturbance

a)

Any positive benefit that the ecosystem and its organisms provide for people

b)

Change in a DNA sequence

c)

Event either natural or human caused that disrupts an ecosystem or population

43.

Resistance

a)

Event either natural or human caused that disrupts an ecosystem or population

b)

Process where different factors stop the growth of a species

c)

When a population within a species evolves to create a new distinct species

44.

Resilience

a)

the ability of a system to continue functioning amid and recover from a disturbance

b)

Any positive benefit that the ecosystem and its organisms provide for people

c)

The variety of living things and their interactions in an ecosystem

45.

Primary succession

a)

the ability of a system to continue functioning amid and recover from a disturbance.

b)

Species with broad diet and a wide variety of living conditions

c)

When a new patch of land is created or exposed

46.

Secondary Succesion

a)

When a climax community is disrupted and starts over

b)

When a new patch of land is created or exposed

c)

Species with broad diet and a wide variety of living conditions

47.

Pioneer species

a)

Species that are the first to colonize a new environment

b)

Species with broad diet and a wide variety of living conditions

c)

Organism that harms the environment it is not native too

48.

Keystone Species

a)

An organism that helps define the ecosystem it resides in

b)

Species that are the first to colonize a new environment

c)

Organism that harms the environment it is not native too

49.

Indicator species

a)

Species found in only one area

b)

An organism whose presence or a sense impacts the environment’s condition

c)

Organism that harms the environment it is not native too

50.

Island Biography Theory

a)

Species diversity is directly related to the size of the island

b)

When a population within a species evolves to create a new distinct species

c)

Genetically based changes within a population of organisms that raise the chances of survival

51.

Species area curve

a)

Species diversity is directly related to the size of the island

b)

When a climax community is disrupted and starts over

c)

Describes the relationship between to the habitats location and the number of species found in it

52.

SLOSS Dilemma

a)

2 different approaches to land conservation

b)

Describes the relationship between to the habitats location and the number of species found in it

c)

Variety of different habitats

53.

Provisioning ecosystem service

a)

Event either natural or human caused that disrupts an ecosystem or population

b)

Organism that harms the environment it is not native too

c)

Anything that benefits humans extracted from nature

54.

Regulating ecosystem service

a)

Any positive benefit that the ecosystem and its organisms provide for people

b)

Anything that benefits humans extracted from nature

c)

Regulating services extracted from nature

55.

Cultural Ecosystem Service

a)

Benefits people gain from interactions with different environments

b)

Anything that benefits humans extracted from nature

c)

Describes the relationship between to the habitats location and the number of species found in it

56.

Supporting Ecosystem Service

a)

Basic natural cycles that nature needs to function

b)

Anything that benefits humans extracted from nature

c)

Regulating services extracted from nature

57.

What device reduces SO2 emissions in power plants?

a)

scrubber units

b)

electrostatic precipitators

c)

catalytic converters

d)

afterburners

58.

Law holding perpetrator liable for clean-up of hazardous waste

a)

RCRA

b)

CERCLA

c)

CWA

d)

ANWR

59.

Fuel with the GREATEST net-energy potential

a)

petroleum

b)

nuclear energy

c)

natural gas

d)

coal

60.

Source of energy that causes noise pollution and increase death in birds

a)

wind energy

b)

solar energy

c)

geothermal energy

d)

biomass energy

61.

The variety of ecosystems in within a given region is

a)

ecosystem diversity

b)

species diversity

c)

genetic diversity

d)

species richness

e)

species evenness

62.

The number of species in within a given area measures

a)

ecosystem diversity

b)

species diversity

c)

genetic diversity

d)

species richness

e)

species evenness

63.

The variety of species in within a given ecosystem

a)

ecosystem diversity

b)

species diversity

c)

genetic diversity

d)

species richness

e)

species evenness

64.

The variety of genes in within a given species

a)

ecosystem diversity

b)

species diversity

c)

genetic diversity

d)

species richness

e)

species evenness

65.

The relative proportion of different species in a given area is a measurement of

a)

ecosystem diversity

b)

species diversity

c)

genetic diversity

d)

species richness

e)

species evenness

66.

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of human selecting which individuals breed is known as

a)

adaptation

b)

artificial selection

c)

fitness

d)

natural selection

67.

An individual's ability to survive and reproduce is known as

a)

adaptation

b)

artificial selection

c)

fitness

d)

natural selection

68.

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of the environment determining which individuals are most likely to survive and reproduce is called

a)

adaptation

b)

artificial selection

c)

fitness

d)

natural selection

69.

The average rate that species go extinct without human interference

a)

background extinction

b)

generalist

c)

specialist

d)

realized niche

e)

fundamental niche

70.

The range of abiotic and biotic conditions in which an organism actually lives

a)

background extinction

b)

generalist

c)

specialist

d)

realized niche

e)

fundamental niche

71.

A species that can only live in a certain habitat, or one that feeds on a small range of species

a)

background extinction

b)

generalist

c)

specialist

d)

realized niche

e)

fundamental niche

72.

A species that can live under a wide range of abiotic or biotic conditions

a)

background extinction

b)

generalist

c)

specialist

d)

realized niche

e)

fundamental niche

73.

The range of environmental conditions a species could live in

a)

background extinction

b)

generalist

c)

specialist

d)

realized niche

e)

fundamental niche

74.

An inherited trait that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce

a)

adaptation

b)

artificial selection

c)

fitness

d)

natural selection

75.

intensive farming practices involving mechanization and mass production, machinery and fertilizer

a)

Low Input Agriculture

b)

Industrialized Agriculture

c)

Agroforestry

d)

Overcultivation

76.

An agricultural technique in which trees and vegetables are intercropped

a)

Agroforestry

b)

Intercropping

c)

Terracing

d)

Crop Rotation

77.

Complex form of intercropping in which a large number of different plants maturing at different times are planted together.

a)

Monoculture

b)

Polyculture

c)

Crop Rotation

78.

situation in which people acting individually and in their own interest use up commonly available but limited resources, creating disaster for the entire community

a)

Integrated Pest Management

b)

Deforestation

c)

Tragedy of the Commons

d)

Desertification

79.

Producing enough of a crop to support a population and sustain the soil and environment

a)

Tragedy of the Commons

b)

Sustainable Yield

c)

Polyculture

80.

Involves a Cultural/Physical Control, Biological Control, and lastly a Chemical Control to slow down the infestation of a pest population

a)

Tragedy of the Commons

b)

Sustainable Yield

c)

Integrated Pest Management

81.

Water percolates through the soil absorbing salts, nutrients, and minerals

a)

Infiltration

b)

Illuviation

c)

Loam

d)

Tragedy of the Commons

82.

Examples include composting, cow manure, grass clippings

a)

Inorganic Fertilizer

b)

Organic Fertilizer

83.

Fertilizer that includes a precise combination of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium

a)

Inorganic Fertilizer

b)

Organic Fertilizer

84.

Accumulation of salts in soil that can eventually make the soil unable to support plant growth, can occur through the meeting of fresh and salt water

a)

Illuvation

b)

Salinization

c)

Saltwater Intrusion

85.

Two plates are moving towards each other, can create mountains or trenches

a)

Convergent Boundary

b)

Divergent Boundary

c)

Transform Boundary

86.

Two plates moving a part, can create mid ocean ridges and rift valleys

a)

Convergent Boundary

b)

Divergent Boundary

c)

Transform Boundary

87.

Plates sliding past each other, can create fault lines and earthquakes

a)

Convergent Boundary

b)

Divergent Boundary

c)

Transform Boundary

88.

A weakness in the crust that allows magma to move through creating volcanoes: ex - Hawaii

a)

Convergent Boundary

b)

Divergent Boundary

c)

Transform Boundary

d)

Hotspot

89.

the removing of thin layers of soil as little rivulets of running water gather and cut small channels in the soil, cut little revits in the soil

a)

Rill Erosion

b)

Over Cultivation

c)

Wind Erosion

d)

Overgrazing

90.

Turning over the soil too often, exposing it to the air, drying out the soil and depleting it of its nutrients and moisture

a)

Overgrazing

b)

Overcultivation

c)

Deforestation

d)

High Input Agriculture

91.

Not receiving enough calories in a day to support a healthy immune system and body

a)

Undernutrition

b)

Malnutrition

92.

Consuming a diet of mostly carbs, receiving little vitamins and protein

a)

Undernutrition

b)

Malnutrition

93.

A carcinogen produced from radioactive decay of Uranium-28. Found naturally in some soils.

a)

Radon

b)

Lead

c)

Mercury

d)

Ozone

94.

A strong VOC and greenhouse gas, made in excess from livestock.

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Lead

c)

Mercury

d)

Methane

95.

A protective gas in the stratosphere, but a pollutant in the troposphere.

a)

Ozone

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Radon

d)

Methane

96.

Check all that are true of the stratosphere.

a)

Where the ozone layer is located.

b)

Where we live.

c)

The second layer of the atmosphere.

d)

The coldest layer of the atmosphere.

97.

Produced from interactions between primary air pollutants, or between primary air pollutants and other atmospheric gases.

a)

Primary Air Pollutants

b)

Secondary Air Pollutants

c)

Point Source Pollutants

d)

Non-Point Source Pollutants

98.

Check all that are considered primary air pollutants.

a)

Sulfur dioxide

b)

Carbon dioxide

c)

Ozone

d)

Methane

99.

This smog occurs when sunlight reacts with certain pollutants in the atmosphere.

a)

Temperature Smog

b)

Industrial Smog

c)

Photochemical Smog

d)

Acid Deposition

100.

Which climate conditions would be best suited for the formation of photochemical smog?

a)

Cool, wet, cloudy

b)

Cool, dry, sunny

c)

Warm, wet, cloudy

d)

Warm, dry, sunny

101.

Which of the following is true of acid deposition?

a)

It kills fish by precipitating copper that causes lung mucus buildup

b)

It is a benefit to plants by leaching soil nutrients

c)

It increases the pH of aquatic ecosystems

d)

It damages statues, buildings, and car finishes

102.

Anything less than 7 on the pH scale is:

a)

Acidic

b)

Neutral

c)

Alkaline

103.

What could be added to a lake suffering from acid deposition issues?

a)

Phosphates

b)

Calcium Carbonate

c)

Rainwater

d)

Vinegar

104.

Cool air trapped below warm air, with the possibility of trapping pollutants near the surface.

a)

Cold Front

b)

Warm Front

c)

Temperature Inversion

d)

Heat Island

105.

Check all that are true about carbon dioxide.

a)

It is nonessential to life on earth

b)

It is responsible for all changes to Earth's climate

c)

It is very stable and remains in atmospheric form for years

d)

It is a contributor to ozone depletion

106.

Why has atmospheric carbon increased in recent history?

a)

Increased human population and respiration

b)

Increase in consumption of fossil fuels

c)

Rapid deforestation in some areas of the world

d)

A decline in the phytoplankton producer population

107.

Why do carbon levels fluctuate seasonally?

a)

People drive more in the summer

b)

There are more heaters uses in the winter

c)

Coal is only burned seasonally

d)

Photosynthesis from plants is lessened in the winter months

108.

Check all that are carbon sinks (remove carbon from the atmosphere).

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Oceans

c)

Respiration

d)

Forests

109.

Humans alter the carbon cycle LEAST by:

a)

Burning fossil fuels

b)

Cutting down trees

c)

Population growth

d)

Exhaling

110.

Check all that contribute to particulate matter pollution.

a)

Diesel exhaust

b)

Coal burning

c)

Electrostatic precipitators

d)

Wood fires

111.

What do scrubbers do to control air pollution?

a)

They increase the efficiency of electricity generation

b)

They remove gases and particulates from exhaust

c)

They use electric charge to remove pollutants

d)

They convert pollutants to something less harmful

112.

Check all that is true of the Clean Air Act.

a)

It set air quality standards for public health

b)

It was signed by 71 nations in Montreal

c)

It developed motor vehicle emission standards

d)

It gave a timeline to power plants to cut emissions

113.

Process of burning something

a)

reactant

b)

combustion

c)

synthesize

d)

disrupt

114.

total quantity or weight of organisms in an area

a)

latitude

b)

reactants

c)

biomass

d)

terrestrial

115.

A process that uses oxygen

a)

aerobic

b)

anaerobic

116.

To change something that would adjust an outcome

a)

deplete

b)

validity

c)

synthesize

d)

modification

117.

accuracy of measurements showing they are a true representation of results

a)

validity

b)

latitude

c)

synthesize

d)

extract

118.

settling or being deposited

a)

abundant

b)

sedimentation

c)

accumulate

d)

sequester

119.

cutting down trees for their wood

a)

deplete

b)

accumulate

c)

logging

d)

terrestrial

120.

measures the distance north or south of the equator

a)

latitude

b)

longitude

121.

to make or create

a)

logging

b)

extract

c)

synthesize

d)

accumulate

122.

substance that undergoes change in a chemical reaction

a)

biomass

b)

validity

c)

combustion

d)

reactants

123.

plentiful; available in large quantities

a)

abundant

b)

ceased

c)

accumulate

d)

deplete

124.

to remove or take out

a)

extract

b)

accumulate

c)

deplete

d)

disrupt

125.

trapping a chemical in the atmosphere or an environment

a)

accumulate

b)

synthesize

c)

sequester

d)

extract

126.

Cause a disturbance

a)

sequester

b)

ceased

c)

deplete

d)

disrupt

127.

use up a supply or resource

a)

ceased

b)

deplete

c)

disrupt

d)

accumulate

128.

come to an end

a)

ceased

b)

permeable

c)

disrupt

d)

extract

129.

gather together in an increasing number

a)

sequester

b)

synthesize

c)

deplete

d)

accumulate

130.

third level in an order

a)

primary

b)

secondary

c)

tertiary

d)

quaternary

131.

allows things to pass through

a)

permeable

b)

impermeable

132.

On Land

a)

terrestrial

b)

aquatic

133.
Visible light reaches Earth’s surface while infrared light is trapped as heat. Which characteristic of Earth’s atmosphere causes this to happen?
a)
the hole in the ozone
b)
the greenhouse effect
c)
atmospheric pressure
d)
the inversion layer
134.

Which of the following is produced by cows?

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Water Vapor

c)

Argon

d)

Methane

135.
The warming of the atmosphere by the trapping of heat being radiated to space is called
a)
evaporation
b)
condensation
c)
the greenhouse effect
d)
radiation
136.
The ozone layer is damaged by
a)
CFCs
b)
Increase in greenhouse gases
c)
Increased global temperatures
d)
Sulfuric and nitric acids
137.
international limits on CFC production toprotect the ozone layer
a)
Montreal Protocol
b)
New York Protocol
c)
Paris Protocol
d)
Tokyo Protocol
138.

Which law regulates and protects endangered species within the US?

a)

CITES

b)

Endangered Species Act

c)

Kyoto Protocol

d)

Montreal Protocol

139.

Which law regulates the trade in endangered species between countries?

a)

CITES

b)

Endangered Species Act

c)

Kyoto Protocol

d)

Montreal Protocol

140.

Which of these attempts to reduce the rate of Global Warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions?

a)

CITES

b)

Endangered Species Act

c)

Kyoto Protocol

d)

Montreal Protocol