WorksheetsAPES Total Vocab
Total questions: 140
Worksheet time: 1hrs 21mins
The geologic materials from which soil horizons form.
(a)
Is formed of weathered rock, with some organic material; often referred to as topsoil.
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A vertical section of the soil that is exposed by a soil pit
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These separated into four groups: gravel, sand, silt, and clay.
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Can be retained on soil particle surfaces. Negative charges on the surfaces of soil particles bind positively-charged atoms or molecules , but allow these to exchange with other positively charged particles in the surrounding soil water.
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Lowest densest part of the earths atmosphere in which most weather changes occur and temperature generally decreases rapidly with altitude and which extends from the earth surface to the bottom of the stratosphere at about 7 miles high.
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The second layer of the atmosphere as you go upward.
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Burns up most meteors and asteroids before they are able to reach the earth's surface. … Is the coldest atmospheric layer surrounding the earth. It becomes cold enough to freeze water vapor in its atmosphere into ice clouds.
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The part of the earths atmosphere that begins at about 50 miles above the earths surface, extends to outer space, and is characterized by steadily increasing temperature with height.
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The uppermost region of earths atmosphere as it gradually fades into the vacuum of space
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A region of earths stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation.
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The low-latitude overturning circulations that have air rising at the equator and air sinking at roughly 30° latitude. They are responsible for the trade winds in the Tropics and control low-latitude weather patterns.
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The mid-latitude segment of earths wind circulation, proposed by William Ferrel. Air flows poleward and eastward near the surface and equatorward and westward at higher altitudes; this movement is the reverse of the airflow in the Hadley cell.
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Extend from between 60 and 70 degrees north and south, to the poles. Air in these cells sinks over the highest latitudes and flows out towards the lower latitudes at the surface.
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The pattern of deflection taken by objects not firmly connected to the ground as they travel long distances around Earth.
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An area of land that drains all the streams and rainfall to a common outlet such as the outflow of a reservoir, mouth of a bay, or any point along a stream channel.
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A patch of land that has been forced to become a desert because mountain ranges blocked all plant-growing, rainy weather. On one side of the mountain, wet weather systems drop rain and snow. On the other side of the mountain, the rain shadow side, all that precipitation is blocked.
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An irregularly periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics.
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A climate pattern that describes the cooling of surface ocean waters along the tropical west coast of South America.
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A part of the large-scale ocean circulation that is driven by global density gradients created by surface heat and freshwater fluxes.
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Ecosystem services
Any positive benefit that the ecosystem and its organisms provide for people
Genetically based changes within a population of organisms that raise the chances of survival
Event either natural or human caused that disrupts an ecosystem or population
Evolution
Genetically based changes within a population of organisms that raise the chances of survival
Organisms that have adapted better to the environment are more likely to survive than those that have not.
Process where different factors stop the growth of a species
Natural Selection
Organisms that have adapted better to the environment are more likely to survive than those that have not.
Any positive benefit that the ecosystem and its organisms provide for people
When a population within a species evolves to create a new distinct species
Alfred Russel Wallace
Genetically based changes within a population of organisms that raise the chances of survival
Mr scientist gut that theorized about evolution and natural selection
Event either natural or human caused that disrupts an ecosystem or population
Mutation
Biological variation in a specific species
Change in a DNA sequence
When a population within a species evolves to create a new distinct species
Biodiversity
The variety of living things and their interactions in an ecosystem
Variety of different habitats
Biological variation in a specific species
Species Diversity
Organisms that have adapted better to the environment are more likely to survive than those that have not.
Biological variation in a specific species
The number of different species in a particular area
Genetic diversity
When a population within a species evolves to create a new distinct species
Biological variation in a specific species
Genetically based changes within a population of organisms that raise the chances of survival
Ecosystem diversity
Variety of different habitats
Species found in only one area
Process where different factors stop the growth of a species
Invasive species
Mr scientist gut that theorized about evolution and natural selection
Biological variation in a specific species
Organism that harms the environment it is not native too
Speciation
When a population within a species evolves to create a new distinct species
Genetically based changes within a population of organisms that raise the chances of survival
Organisms that have adapted better to the environment are more likely to survive than those that have not.
Specialist species
Species with limited diet and specific living conditions
Species with broad diet and a wide variety of living conditions
Organism that harms the environment it is not native too
Generalist species
Species with limited diet and specific living conditions
Species with broad diet and a wide variety of living conditions
Organism that harms the environment it is not native too
Endemic
Species only found in one area
Organism that harms the environment it is not native too
The number of different species in a particular area
Disturbance
Any positive benefit that the ecosystem and its organisms provide for people
Change in a DNA sequence
Event either natural or human caused that disrupts an ecosystem or population
Resistance
Event either natural or human caused that disrupts an ecosystem or population
Process where different factors stop the growth of a species
When a population within a species evolves to create a new distinct species
Resilience
the ability of a system to continue functioning amid and recover from a disturbance
Any positive benefit that the ecosystem and its organisms provide for people
The variety of living things and their interactions in an ecosystem
Primary succession
the ability of a system to continue functioning amid and recover from a disturbance.
Species with broad diet and a wide variety of living conditions
When a new patch of land is created or exposed
Secondary Succesion
When a climax community is disrupted and starts over
When a new patch of land is created or exposed
Species with broad diet and a wide variety of living conditions
Pioneer species
Species that are the first to colonize a new environment
Species with broad diet and a wide variety of living conditions
Organism that harms the environment it is not native too
Keystone Species
An organism that helps define the ecosystem it resides in
Species that are the first to colonize a new environment
Organism that harms the environment it is not native too
Indicator species
Species found in only one area
An organism whose presence or a sense impacts the environment’s condition
Organism that harms the environment it is not native too
Island Biography Theory
Species diversity is directly related to the size of the island
When a population within a species evolves to create a new distinct species
Genetically based changes within a population of organisms that raise the chances of survival
Species area curve
Species diversity is directly related to the size of the island
When a climax community is disrupted and starts over
Describes the relationship between to the habitats location and the number of species found in it
SLOSS Dilemma
2 different approaches to land conservation
Describes the relationship between to the habitats location and the number of species found in it
Variety of different habitats
Provisioning ecosystem service
Event either natural or human caused that disrupts an ecosystem or population
Organism that harms the environment it is not native too
Anything that benefits humans extracted from nature
Regulating ecosystem service
Any positive benefit that the ecosystem and its organisms provide for people
Anything that benefits humans extracted from nature
Regulating services extracted from nature
Cultural Ecosystem Service
Benefits people gain from interactions with different environments
Anything that benefits humans extracted from nature
Describes the relationship between to the habitats location and the number of species found in it
Supporting Ecosystem Service
Basic natural cycles that nature needs to function
Anything that benefits humans extracted from nature
Regulating services extracted from nature
What device reduces SO2 emissions in power plants?
scrubber units
electrostatic precipitators
catalytic converters
afterburners
Law holding perpetrator liable for clean-up of hazardous waste
RCRA
CERCLA
CWA
ANWR
Fuel with the GREATEST net-energy potential
petroleum
nuclear energy
natural gas
coal
Source of energy that causes noise pollution and increase death in birds
wind energy
solar energy
geothermal energy
biomass energy
The variety of ecosystems in within a given region is
ecosystem diversity
species diversity
genetic diversity
species richness
species evenness
The number of species in within a given area measures
ecosystem diversity
species diversity
genetic diversity
species richness
species evenness
The variety of species in within a given ecosystem
ecosystem diversity
species diversity
genetic diversity
species richness
species evenness
The variety of genes in within a given species
ecosystem diversity
species diversity
genetic diversity
species richness
species evenness
The relative proportion of different species in a given area is a measurement of
ecosystem diversity
species diversity
genetic diversity
species richness
species evenness
A change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of human selecting which individuals breed is known as
adaptation
artificial selection
fitness
natural selection
An individual's ability to survive and reproduce is known as
adaptation
artificial selection
fitness
natural selection
A change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of the environment determining which individuals are most likely to survive and reproduce is called
adaptation
artificial selection
fitness
natural selection
The average rate that species go extinct without human interference
background extinction
generalist
specialist
realized niche
fundamental niche
The range of abiotic and biotic conditions in which an organism actually lives
background extinction
generalist
specialist
realized niche
fundamental niche
A species that can only live in a certain habitat, or one that feeds on a small range of species
background extinction
generalist
specialist
realized niche
fundamental niche
A species that can live under a wide range of abiotic or biotic conditions
background extinction
generalist
specialist
realized niche
fundamental niche
The range of environmental conditions a species could live in
background extinction
generalist
specialist
realized niche
fundamental niche
An inherited trait that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce
adaptation
artificial selection
fitness
natural selection
intensive farming practices involving mechanization and mass production, machinery and fertilizer
Low Input Agriculture
Industrialized Agriculture
Agroforestry
Overcultivation
An agricultural technique in which trees and vegetables are intercropped
Agroforestry
Intercropping
Terracing
Crop Rotation
Complex form of intercropping in which a large number of different plants maturing at different times are planted together.
Monoculture
Polyculture
Crop Rotation
situation in which people acting individually and in their own interest use up commonly available but limited resources, creating disaster for the entire community
Integrated Pest Management
Deforestation
Tragedy of the Commons
Desertification
Producing enough of a crop to support a population and sustain the soil and environment
Tragedy of the Commons
Sustainable Yield
Polyculture
Involves a Cultural/Physical Control, Biological Control, and lastly a Chemical Control to slow down the infestation of a pest population
Tragedy of the Commons
Sustainable Yield
Integrated Pest Management
Water percolates through the soil absorbing salts, nutrients, and minerals
Infiltration
Illuviation
Loam
Tragedy of the Commons
Examples include composting, cow manure, grass clippings
Inorganic Fertilizer
Organic Fertilizer
Fertilizer that includes a precise combination of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium
Inorganic Fertilizer
Organic Fertilizer
Accumulation of salts in soil that can eventually make the soil unable to support plant growth, can occur through the meeting of fresh and salt water
Illuvation
Salinization
Saltwater Intrusion
Two plates are moving towards each other, can create mountains or trenches
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Transform Boundary
Two plates moving a part, can create mid ocean ridges and rift valleys
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Transform Boundary
Plates sliding past each other, can create fault lines and earthquakes
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Transform Boundary
A weakness in the crust that allows magma to move through creating volcanoes: ex - Hawaii
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Transform Boundary
Hotspot
the removing of thin layers of soil as little rivulets of running water gather and cut small channels in the soil, cut little revits in the soil
Rill Erosion
Over Cultivation
Wind Erosion
Overgrazing
Turning over the soil too often, exposing it to the air, drying out the soil and depleting it of its nutrients and moisture
Overgrazing
Overcultivation
Deforestation
High Input Agriculture
Not receiving enough calories in a day to support a healthy immune system and body
Undernutrition
Malnutrition
Consuming a diet of mostly carbs, receiving little vitamins and protein
Undernutrition
Malnutrition
A carcinogen produced from radioactive decay of Uranium-28. Found naturally in some soils.
Radon
Lead
Mercury
Ozone
A strong VOC and greenhouse gas, made in excess from livestock.
Carbon Dioxide
Lead
Mercury
Methane
A protective gas in the stratosphere, but a pollutant in the troposphere.
Ozone
Nitrogen
Radon
Methane
Check all that are true of the stratosphere.
Where the ozone layer is located.
Where we live.
The second layer of the atmosphere.
The coldest layer of the atmosphere.
Produced from interactions between primary air pollutants, or between primary air pollutants and other atmospheric gases.
Primary Air Pollutants
Secondary Air Pollutants
Point Source Pollutants
Non-Point Source Pollutants
Check all that are considered primary air pollutants.
Sulfur dioxide
Carbon dioxide
Ozone
Methane
This smog occurs when sunlight reacts with certain pollutants in the atmosphere.
Temperature Smog
Industrial Smog
Photochemical Smog
Acid Deposition
Which climate conditions would be best suited for the formation of photochemical smog?
Cool, wet, cloudy
Cool, dry, sunny
Warm, wet, cloudy
Warm, dry, sunny
Which of the following is true of acid deposition?
It kills fish by precipitating copper that causes lung mucus buildup
It is a benefit to plants by leaching soil nutrients
It increases the pH of aquatic ecosystems
It damages statues, buildings, and car finishes
Anything less than 7 on the pH scale is:
Acidic
Neutral
Alkaline
What could be added to a lake suffering from acid deposition issues?
Phosphates
Calcium Carbonate
Rainwater
Vinegar
Cool air trapped below warm air, with the possibility of trapping pollutants near the surface.
Cold Front
Warm Front
Temperature Inversion
Heat Island
Check all that are true about carbon dioxide.
It is nonessential to life on earth
It is responsible for all changes to Earth's climate
It is very stable and remains in atmospheric form for years
It is a contributor to ozone depletion
Why has atmospheric carbon increased in recent history?
Increased human population and respiration
Increase in consumption of fossil fuels
Rapid deforestation in some areas of the world
A decline in the phytoplankton producer population
Why do carbon levels fluctuate seasonally?
People drive more in the summer
There are more heaters uses in the winter
Coal is only burned seasonally
Photosynthesis from plants is lessened in the winter months
Check all that are carbon sinks (remove carbon from the atmosphere).
Photosynthesis
Oceans
Respiration
Forests
Humans alter the carbon cycle LEAST by:
Burning fossil fuels
Cutting down trees
Population growth
Exhaling
Check all that contribute to particulate matter pollution.
Diesel exhaust
Coal burning
Electrostatic precipitators
Wood fires
What do scrubbers do to control air pollution?
They increase the efficiency of electricity generation
They remove gases and particulates from exhaust
They use electric charge to remove pollutants
They convert pollutants to something less harmful
Check all that is true of the Clean Air Act.
It set air quality standards for public health
It was signed by 71 nations in Montreal
It developed motor vehicle emission standards
It gave a timeline to power plants to cut emissions
Process of burning something
reactant
combustion
synthesize
disrupt
total quantity or weight of organisms in an area
latitude
reactants
biomass
terrestrial
A process that uses oxygen
aerobic
anaerobic
To change something that would adjust an outcome
deplete
validity
synthesize
modification
accuracy of measurements showing they are a true representation of results
validity
latitude
synthesize
extract
settling or being deposited
abundant
sedimentation
accumulate
sequester
cutting down trees for their wood
deplete
accumulate
logging
terrestrial
measures the distance north or south of the equator
latitude
longitude
to make or create
logging
extract
synthesize
accumulate
substance that undergoes change in a chemical reaction
biomass
validity
combustion
reactants
plentiful; available in large quantities
abundant
ceased
accumulate
deplete
to remove or take out
extract
accumulate
deplete
disrupt
trapping a chemical in the atmosphere or an environment
accumulate
synthesize
sequester
extract
Cause a disturbance
sequester
ceased
deplete
disrupt
use up a supply or resource
ceased
deplete
disrupt
accumulate
come to an end
ceased
permeable
disrupt
extract
gather together in an increasing number
sequester
synthesize
deplete
accumulate
third level in an order
primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary
allows things to pass through
permeable
impermeable
On Land
terrestrial
aquatic
Which of the following is produced by cows?
Carbon Dioxide
Water Vapor
Argon
Methane
Which law regulates and protects endangered species within the US?
CITES
Endangered Species Act
Kyoto Protocol
Montreal Protocol
Which law regulates the trade in endangered species between countries?
CITES
Endangered Species Act
Kyoto Protocol
Montreal Protocol
Which of these attempts to reduce the rate of Global Warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions?
CITES
Endangered Species Act
Kyoto Protocol
Montreal Protocol
